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REPORTABLE  

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL No. 216 of  2017  (arising out of  SLP(Crl.) No. 3998 of 2011)

STATE OF RAJASTHAN    ... APPELLANT

VERSUS

FATEHKARAN MEHDU     ... RESPONDENT

With

Crl. Appeal No. 217  of 2017 @ SLP(Crl.)No. 3996 of  

2011

J U D G M E N T

ASHOK BHUSHAN, J   .

Leave granted.

2. These two appeals have been filed against the

common judgment dated 16.11.2010 of the High Court

of Judicature for Rajasthan at Jodhpur allowing

S.B. Criminal Revision Petition No. 592/2009

Fatehkaran Mehdu versus State of Rajasthan and

S.B. Criminal Revision Petition No. 598/2009

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Kishan Singh Rawat versus State of Rajasthan.  The

High Court vide its order, allowing the Criminal

Revisions,   set aside the order dated 05.05.2009

passed by the Special Judge Anti Corruption Cases,

Udaipur, framing charges against both the

respondents under Section 13(1)(d) & 13(2) of the

Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 read with

Section 120B of IPC.

3. The brief facts of the case, as emerged from

materials on record, need to be noted for deciding

the issueS raised in these appeals.   Both the

appeals having arisen out of First Information

Report No. 342/2001 and order dated 05.05.2009

framing charges, the facts being common, it shall

be sufficient to refer the facts from Criminal

Appeal No.......of 2017 @ SLP(Cr.) No. 3998 of

2011, State of Rajasthan versus Fatehkaran Mehdu.

4. The Respondent, Fatehkaran Mehdu was working

as Mining Engineer at Tehsil Bijolia, District

Bhilwara, State of Rajasthan in the year 1997­98.

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One Smt. Sushma Devi had submitted an application

for the grant of quarry licence for a mineral

(Sand Stone) as per the Rajasthan Minor Mineral

Concession Rules, 1986 (hereinafter referred to as

Rule 1986).  The application was made for grant of

quarry licence for Khatedari land situated at

Nayanagar in different plots, including Plot No.

1181/124. She deposited a banker's cheque of Rs.

1,75,000/­ dated 23.4.1998 and the quarry licence

for 4.95 hectare (30 bigha and 12 biswas) was

prepared in the name of Smt. Sushma Devi Dhakad

and Shri Manoj Kumar Sandhya on 06.05.1998. On

noticing that the quarry licence issued on

06.05.1998 contained various cuttings, she

contacted   Fatehkaran Mehdu and handed him the

licence for issue of fresh licence.   Shri Mehdu

after taking all papers from Smt. Sushma Devi did

not issue her a fresh licence, whereas, Smt.

Sushma Devi had started mining operations. On

18.07.1998 one Shri K. K. Boda, inspected the area

and stopped the mining activities informing Smt.

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Sushma Devi that no quarry licence was issued in

her favour. On 11.08.1998, Mining Engineer

Fatehkaran Mehdu directed Smt. Sushma Devi to stop

the mining activities; Fatehkaran Mehdu was

transferred in August 1998 out of Tehsil Bigolia.

5. Aggrieved by non­issuance of quarry licence

Sushma Devi filed a Writ Petition No. 166 of 1999

before the High Court of Rajasthan which was

dismissed by order dated 08.03.1999 due to

availability of alternate remedy of filing an

appeal under the Rules 1986.   Smt. Sushma Devi

filed an appeal before the Appellate Authority and

Appellate Authority vide order dated 29.04.1999

allowed the appeal and restored the quarry licence

of Smt. Sushma Devi.

6. On the other hand, Sri Kishan Singh Rawat, the

respondent was also granted quarry licence on

gap­land in Block No. 263A and 264A which

contained a condition that the said approval shall

not be effective outside Plot No. 1345/1185/124.

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Plot No. 1185/124 was situated towards South of

Plot No. 1181/124, which was included in the

quarry licence of Smt. Sushma Devi.

7. Kishan Singh Rawat alongwith certain other

persons had filed a suit against the consenting

party of Khatedari Land No. 1238/125 on 23.06.1998

for stopping Sushma Devi from carrying on mining

operations.  Another suit No. 1181/24 was filed on

13.7.1998 by Kishan Singh against the Khatedars of

Plot No. 1181/124 restraining them from

interfering in mining operation on Plot No.

1345/1185/124 area 3 bigha.

8. After holding a Preliminary Enquiry No. 7 of

2000 against Fatehkaran Mehdu, Deputy

Superintendent of Police, Prevention of Corruption

Bureau of Udaipur, lodged a First Information

Report against the Fatehkaran Mehdu and Kishan

Singh Rawat under Section 13(1)(d) and 13(2) of

Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and Section

120B of IPC.

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9. After conducting the investigation, a

chargesheet No. 208/2005 dated 24.10.2005 was

submitted. The Special Judge, Prevention of

Corruption Act, Udaipur vide order dated

05.05.2009 framed charges against both the

Respondents under Section 13(1) (d) read with

Section 13(2) of Prevention of Corruption Act,

1988 and 120B IPC. Aggrieved by order dated

05.05.2009, Fatehkaran Mehdu filed S.B. Criminal

Revision Petition No. 592 of 2009 and Kishan Singh

Rawat filed S.B. Criminal Revision Petition No.

598 of 2009. The High Court of Rajasthan vide its

judgment and order dated 16.11.2010 set aside the

order dated 05.05.2009 allowing the Revision

against which these two appeals have been filed by

the State of Rajasthan.

10. We have heard learned counsel for the parties

and perused the records. Learned counsel for the

appellant submits that there were sufficient

materials on record against the respondent,

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relying on which learned Special Judge has framed

the charges and the High Court committed an error

by interfering with the charges framed, in

exercise of revisional jurisdiction. It is

submitted that there was no ground made out for

exercise of revisional jurisdiction under Section

397 Cr.P.C. for quashing the charges framed. It

was proved on the materials on record that the

Respondent Mehdu had facilitated Shri Kishan Singh

Rawat to carry on illegal mining by which, he

obtained illegal benefits to the detriment of

State of Rajasthan as well as Smt. Sushma Devi.

The quarry licence granted to Sushma Devi was

cancelled by Mehdu to facilitate Kishan Singh

Rawat to carry on illegal mining on the plot,

which was included in the quarry licence of Sushma

Devi.   Shri Mehdu being a public servant has

committed an offence under Section 13(1)(d) read

with Section 13(2).

11. Learned counsel for the Respondent, refuting

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the submission of appellant contends that the High

Court on valid grounds has set aside the order

framing the charge, since there was no allegation

before the Special Judge on which, it can be said

that any offence under Section 13(1)(d) read with

13(2) and 120B was made out. The allegation

against Shri Mehdu that he has granted quarry

licence of 80,000 Sq. ft. to Kishan Singh Rawat,

was factually incorrect since Kishan Singh Rawat

was sanctioned quarry licence of only 25,000 Sq.

ft.  It is submitted that cancellation of licence

of Smt. Sushma Devi by Shri Mehdu cannot amount to

any offence within the meaning of aforesaid

sections and the order of Appellate Authority,

setting aside the cancellation order does not lead

to any presumption that an offence was committed

by Shri Mehdu.

12. Before we proceed to examine the respective

contentions, it is necessary to look into the

chargesheet to find out the nature of allegations

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made against the respondents.   The chargesheet

has been brought on record as Annexure A­9. It is

relevant to note some of the allegations, as

recorded in the chargesheet against the

respondent. The chargesheet notices the following:

"whereas it is also pertinent to mention here that area of plot No. 1345/1185/124 is three bigha 52272 Sq. ft. whereas, Shri Fatehkaran Mehdu Mining Engineer, Bijolia has granted sanction of 80,000 Sq. ft. as gap fat. Thus, Shri Fatehkaran Mehdu Mining Engineer in collusion with Shri Kishan Singh Rawat granted sanction for 80,000 Sq. ft land as against 52272 Sq. ft. available land, by which obviously proceeding for giving land to Shri Kishan Singh Rawat out of plot No. 1181/124 of Smt. Sushma Devi situated neighbouring has been done by collusion.”

13. Further, after noticing the facts,

pertaining to grant of quarry licence to

Kishan Singh Rawat and Smt. Sushma Devi

following was stated:  

“By investigation it was also found that illegal mining was done on plot No. 1185/124 of Shri Kishan

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Singh Rawat for years. In the year 1997 the Mining Enginner in collusion under gap fat policy with view to provide undue profit by back door got surrendered 3 bigha land out of 5 bigha in favour of State Government and recorded without name so that gap fat could be approved under above policy. Under rules lease can be granted only on land of without name. To land so surrendered plot No. 1345/1185/124 was given rest of two bigha land of khatedar property No. 1185/124 was given which presently is recorded as khatedari land in name Dhiru son of Limbu Bheel R/o Suradiya Tehsil Beawar in khata which is ancestral village of Kishan Singh Rawat. Plot No. 1185/124 combined rakba 2 bigha land is also recorded as khatedari therefore, gap fat permission can not be accorded under gap fat policy but Mining Engineer in files of office accorded approval of plot No. 1345/1185/124 rakba 3 bigha, entry in which regard was made with special stipulation on quarry licence but in technical map told about according approval on plot No. 1185/124 combined so that if anytime measurement is carried out then same could be found according to technical map and according to same Shri Kishan Singh Rawat could get illegal profit.   On spot Shri Kishan Singh Rawat in present time is also doing mining work on plot No. 1185/124 com. Rakba 2 bigha land and whenever question for

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measurement arises then he shows being approval on the basis of department's technical map whereas, in quarry lincence and files permission is accorded only to plot No. 1345/1185/124, total area of which comes to be 52472 Sq.ft whereas, according to technical map area 80,000 Sq. ft is shown. Under khatedari policy Shri Fatehkaran Mehdu only with view to cause loss to tenure holders of plot No. 1181/124 situated in south of plot No. 1185/124, called back issued quarry licence of Smt. Sushma Dhakad in name of correcting same by violating all rules, cancelled quarry licence and information in which regard was not given to licence holders.”

14. There was a clear allegation in the

chargesheet that quarry licence to Kishan Singh

Rawat was given by Shri Mehdu in furtherance of

object and purpose of illegally benefitting Kishan

Singh Rawat. It was further stated that although,

approval for quarry licence on Plot No.

1345/1185/124 area 3 bigha was granted, total area

of which comes to only 52,272 Sq. ft., whereas in

the technical map, area was shown 80,000 Sq. ft.

dishonestly benefiting Kishan Singh Rawat.

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15. Considering the chargesheet and other

materials on record, the charges have been framed.

In Para 1 of the order, the learned Special Judge

has noted the following facts:

"1. It is worth­mentioning that total area of land No. 1345/1185/124 is total three bigha i.e. 52272 Sq. ft. while Fatehkaran Mehdu issued sanction of 80,000 Sq. ft. in the form of gap fat area and thus, accused Fatehkaran Mehdu connived with Kishan Singh Rawat, he connived in the proceedings for getting alotted more land to Kishan Singh Rawat out of the land of neighbour Sushma Devi, on which on establishing the prima facie case making out, the then Additional Superintendent of Police of Prevention of Corruption Bureau, Udaipur, sent an First Information Report without numbering to the Headquarter, on which case First Information Report No. 342/01 was registered on 18.09.2001 and was received for investigation.”

16. Further in para 2, the order states:

“2. From the investigation it was established that Smt. Sushma Devi, Manoj Kumar Sandhya and Jitmal Balai submitted application on 01.05.1998 in prescribed form. Landowners of concerning khasra

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numbers expressed their consent in favour of applicants, thereafter, on 06.05.1998 Shri Mehdu granted approval for issuing quarry licence and licence were issued. Smt. Sushma Devi checked quarry licence on 08.05.1998, then came to know that serious nature of lacunae were found. At the same time Smt. Sushma Devi contacted Fatehkaran Mehdu, Mineral Engineer about the abovesaid, then he issued directions for making correction the quarry licence and handed over letters etc. to the Office Assistant Sohanlal.   Stating excessive cuttings, Shri Mehdu instead of taking all the papers from Smt. Sushma Devi for issuing new quarry licence, with intentions to get other person Kishan Singh unlawfully benefits, connived with him and malafide and issued licence.”

17. In para 2, it has further been noted:

“2. Under the quarry licence passed by Shri Fatehkaran Mehdu, Shri Kishan Singh undertook unauthorized mining work for years on five bigha land in place of three bigha land due to which State Government suffered loss of annual rent etc. and Kishan Singh earned unlawful profits.   On account of conspiracy hatched with him and connivance forgetting Kishan Singh benefitted, it established that Shri Fatehkaran Mehdu allotted land to Kishan Singh

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Rawat contrary to rules or in the form of gap & fat due to which the present charge sheet under section 13(1)(d) read with section 13(2) Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and section 120 Indian Penal Code was filed in which Kishan Singh Rawat, beneficiary was also made accused.”

18. The Special Judge after considering the

contention putforth by the learned counsel for the

parties noted the charge that against the total

area of 52,272 Sq. ft. available, Shri Mehdu has

issued sanction for 80,000 Sq. ft. in the form of

'gap area' to Kishan Singh Rawat to unduly benefit

him, and the same can be decided after recording

oral and documentary evidence.  The Special Judge

found, a clear prima facie case of framing

charges. It is relevant to extract the findings

from Para 6 of the order.  In Para 6 of the order,

following has been stated:   

“Prima facie charge has been framed against accused persons that with the intentions to cause loss to Khatedars of land No. 1181/124 situated in the southern side of

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land No. 1185/124, on which licence issued to Smt. Sushma Dhakar, Shri Fatehkaran Mehdu called for the same in the name of rectifying the same, he canceled the quarry licence in violations of all the rules and its information was not conveyed to the licence holders. Shri Mehdu did not try to settle the disputes on the spot rather he issued licence to parties without any acceptable demaraction and canceled without adopting process. Dispute prevailing between land No. 1185/125 and 1181/124 could have been settled earlier by carrying out measurement in detail through the Department of revenue, but no any effort was made in this context, consequently, Kishan Singh Rawat has undertaken unauthorized mining work on five bigha area of land No. 1185/124 in place of three bigha land due to which State Government has suffered loss of annual rent etc.. it also established in the investigation that Fatehkaran Mehdu had got the intentions behind cancelling of quarry licence of Smt. Sushma Dhakar that Kishan Singh Rawat be benefited by allotting land to Kishan Singh Rawat neighbour of Smt. Dhakar in the name of gap fat and Shri Mehdu has got Kishan Singh Rawat financially benefitted unlawfully by allotting land in the form of gap fat having misused his post and powers.   It is universal principle of law that court is supposed to see at the stage of

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framing of charge as to whether prima facie case worth triable makes out on the basis of evidence and the facts putforth by the prosecution or not. Final disposal of the charges framed against accused on merits does not require at the said stage.”

19. In view of what has been noted above, whether

the High Court was right in quashing the order

framing charges by Special Judge on 05.05.2009, is

the question to be answered in these appeals. What

is the basis for quashing the charges by the High

Court, has to be found out from the order of the

High Court, allowing the Criminal Revisions.

20. The High Court, after noticing the few

allegations against the respondent observed that

there was no allegation made by the prosecution

against the respondent to the effect that by any

corrupt or illegal means Shri Mehdu obtained any

valuable thing or pecuniary advantage for himself

or for any other person. With regard to alleged

allotment of 80,000 Sq. ft. in favour of Kishan

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Singh Rawat, it was held prima facie not to be

correct since concerned Mining Engineer had

certified that there was no allotment of 80,000

Sq. ft. by Mehdu to Kishan Singh Rawat.   It is

useful to extract para 8 and 9 of the judgement of

the High Court which is to the following effect:

"8. Having gone through the aforesaid provision and judgments cited at the bar and upon perusal of the order dated 5.5.2009, this Court does not find any allegation made by the applicant or prosecution against the present petitioner that by any corrupt or illegal means he obtained any valuable thing or pecuniary advantage either for himself or for any other person. Even alleged allotment of 80,000 Sq. ft. land in favour of petitioner no. 2 Kishan Singh was prima facie found to be incorrect since concerned Mining Engineer himself certified that there was no allotment of 80,000 sq. ft. area by the present petitioner in favour of petitioner No. 2 Kishan Singh and only allotment made was way back in 1997­98 of 25,000 sq. ft.   Mere fact that application Smt. Sushma Devi had to file appeal before the competent authority under the Mining Act against the alleged illegal cancellation of her quarry licence and succeeded therein does

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not amount to any criminal charge against the present petitioner under the purview of Section 13 (1) (d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.   Obviously, these proceedings are quasi judicial in nature undertaken in exercise of powers conferred upon the Mining Engineer under the said Act and any error which can be corrected by appellate or revisional authority does not amount to a criminal charge established against the said authority.   This Court does not find any allegation of taking bribe or any other allegation of that nature which would come within the ambit of words employed in Section 13 (1) (d) namely; “by corruption or illegal means obtains for himself or for any other person any valuable thing or pecuniary advantage.”

"9. In the absence of any such allegation, this court cannot appreciate how the charge under Section 13(1) (d) and 13(2) of Prevention of Corruption Act read with Section 120B IPC has been framed against the present Petitioners.”

21. The High Court based its judgement for

quashing the charges on the aforesaid conclusion,

as recorded in para 8 and 9.  Section 13(1) (d) &

13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988

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under which charges have been framed, are to the

following effect:

“13. Criminal misconduct by a public servant:

(1) A public servant is said to commit the offence of criminal misconduct,­

.....   .......     .......

(d) if he,­

(i) by  corrupt or illegal means, obtains for himself or for any other person any valuable thing or pecuniary advantage; or

(ii) by abusing his position as a public servant, obtains for himself or for any other person  any valuable  thing or pecuniary advantage; or

(iii) while holding office as a public servant, obtains for any person any valuable thing or pecuniary advantage without any public interest; or

.....   .......     ......

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(2) Any public servant who commits criminal misconduct shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall be not less than one year but which may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine.”

22. What are the allegations against Mehdu to

frame charge under Section 13(1) (d) read with

13(2) has to be found out from the Chargesheet and

other materials. We have already extracted the

relevant allegations, made against Shri Mehdu in

the chargesheet as well as the facts noticed by

the learned Special Judge.   While framing the

charge, the substance of the allegation against

Mehdu is that he has granted a quarry licnece to

Kishan Singh Rawat on three bigha area of plot No.

1345/1185/124, total area of which comes to 52,272

Sq. ft. whereas, he was sanctioned 80,000 Sq.ft.

Further allegation is that Mehdu permitted Kishan

Singh Rawat to indulge in unauthorised mining over

the larger area than that of granted to him

putting the Government as well as Smt. Sushma Devi

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to loss.  The High Court in its order has observed

that it has been certified by the present Mining

Engineer that Mehdu had never sanctioned alleged

80,000 Sq.ft. in favour of Kishan Singh Rawat for

which observation, the High Court based a letter

dated 13.11.2009 filed as Annexure A­11 in the

appeal, which was also taken on the record by the

High Court. The said letter was addressed to

Fatehkaran Mehdu in reply to his querry, as to

whether, Kishan Singh Rawat was granted quarry

licence for 80,000 Sq. ft.   The answer given in

the said letter dated 03.11.2009 is to the

following effect:   

"As per the information sought with regard to the captioned subject, as per the record available in the office no licence of 80,000 Sq. ft. has been granted to Shri Kishan Singh Rawat in Arazi No. 1185/124 Mauza village Nayanagar, Tehsil Bijoliya, District – Bhilwara. In the circumstances, it  is not possible to give the copy. In the year 1997­1998, the quarry licence holder in Plot No. 263 A and 264 A of Arazi No. 1185/124

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Shri Gopal Singh Rawat S/o Shri Anna Singh Rawat R/o Suradia Tehsil Byawar, District Ajmer (Rajasthan) was granted permission and quarry licence of total 12500­12500 Sq. ft. The said quarry licence was transferred in the name of Kishan Singh Rawat S/o Devi Singh Rawat resident of Suradia, Tehsil Byawar District Ajmer (Rajasthan), which is not effective at present.”

23. The Respondents have brought on record the

copy of the quarry licence granted to Kishan Singh

Rawat as Annexure A­3 and A­4 which indicates that

two quarry licences were for 12500 Sq. ft each.

It appears that the High Court failed to advert

the substance of allegation against Shri Mehdu, as

we have already noticed from the chargesheet that

Shri Mehdu although, granted quarry licence only

for three bigha gap land in Plot No.

1345/1185/124, but technical map issued by Shri

Mehdu was to an area of 80,000 Sq. ft, which was a

source for Kishan Singh Rawat to carry on

unauthorised mining over the larger area than that

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of actually allotted to him.  

24. In the chargesheet following has been specifically noted :

"....On spot Shri Kishan Singh Rawat in present time is also doing mining work on plot No. 1185/124 com. Rakba 2 bigha land and whenever question for measurement arises then he shows being approval on the basis of department's technical map whereas, in quarry lincence and files permission is accorded only to plot No. 1345/1185/124, total area of which comes to be 52472 Sq.ft whereas, according to technical map area 80,000 Sq. ft is shown.”

25. As noted above, learned Special Judge had

observed that final adjudication of charge cannot

be made unless oral and documentary evidence are

received. The High Court has not adverted to the

technical map which mentions 80,000 Sq. Ft. and

without adverting to that allegation, has

erroneously observed that there is no allegation

which may come within the meaning of 13 (1) (d)

read with 13(2) of the Act. Both chargesheet and

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order of the learned Special Judge have

specifically noted the allegations, which clearly

makes out an offence under Section 13(1)(d) and

13(2) of Prevention and Corruption Act, 1988 and

Section 120B I.P.C.

26. The scope of interference and exercise of

jurisdiction under Section 397 of Cr.P.C. has been

time and again explained by this Court. Further,

the scope of interference under Section 397

Cr.P.C. at a stage, when charge had been framed,

is also well settled. At the stage of framing of a

charge, the court is concerned not with the proof

of the allegation rather it has to focus on the

material and form an opinion whether there is

strong suspicion that the accused has committed an

offence, which if put to trial, could prove his

guilt.  The framing of charge is not a stage, at

which stage final test of guilt is to be applied.

Thus, to hold that at the stage of framing the

charge, the court should form an opinion that the

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accused is certainly guilty of committing an

offence, is to hold something which is neither

permissible nor is in consonance with scheme of

Code of Criminal Procedure.  

27. Now, reverting to the limit of the scope of

jurisdiction under Section 397 Cr. P.C., which

vests the court with the power to call for and

examine the records of an inferior court for the

purposes of satisfying itself as to the legality

and regularity of any proceedings or order made in

a case.   The object of this provision is to set

right a patent defect or an error of jurisdiction

or law or the perversity which has crept in the

proceeding.

28. It is useful to refer to judgment of this

Court in  Amit Kapoor and Ramesh Chander and

Another, (2012) 9 SCC 460, where scope of Section

397 Cr. P.C. have been succinctly considered and

explained. Para 12 and 13 are as follows:

"12.Section 397 of the Code vests

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the court with the power to call for and examine the records of an inferior court for the purposes of satisfying itself as to the legality and regularity of any proceedings or order made in a case. The object of this provision is to set right a patent defect or an error of jurisdiction or law. There has to be a well­founded error and it may not be appropriate for the court to scrutinize the orders, which upon the face of it bears a token of careful consideration and appear to be in accordance with law. If one looks into the various judgments of this Court, it emerges that the revisional jurisdiction can be invoked where the decisions under challenge are grossly erroneous, there is no compliance with the provisions of law, the finding recorded is based on no evidence, material evidence is ignored or judicial discretion is exercised arbitrarily or  perversely. These are not exhaustive classes, but are merely indicative. Each case would have to be determined on its own merits.”

“13. Another well­accepted norm is that the revisional jurisdiction of the higher court is a very limited one and cannot be exercised in a routine manner. One of the inbuilt restrictions is that it should not be against

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an interim or interlocutory order. The Court has to keep in mind that the exercise of revisional jurisdiction itself should not lead to injustice ex facie. Where the Court is dealing with the question as to whether the charge has been framed properly and in accordance with law in a given case, it may be reluctant to interfere in exercise of its revisional jurisdiction unless the case substantially falls within the categories aforestated. Even framing of charge is a much advanced stage in the proceedings under the CrPC.”

29. The Court in para 27 has recorded its

conclusion and laid down principles to be

considered for exercise of jurisdiction under

Section 397 particularly in context of quashing of

charge framed under Section 228 Cr. P. C. Para 27,

27(1), (2), (3), (9), (13) are extracted as

follows:  

"27.  Having discussed the scope of jurisdiction under these two provisions, i.e., Section 397 and Section 482 of the Code and the fine line of jurisdictional distinction, now it will be appropriate for us to enlist the

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principles with reference to which the courts should exercise such jurisdiction. However, it is not only difficult but is inherently impossible to state with precision such principles. At best and upon objective analysis of various judgments of this Court, we are able to cull out some of the principles to be considered for proper exercise of jurisdiction, particularly, with regard to quashing of charge either in exercise of jurisdiction under Section 397 or Section 482 of the Code or together, as the case may be:

27.1) Though there are no limits of the powers of the Court under Section 482 of the Code but the more the power, the more due care and caution is to be exercised in invoking these powers. The power of quashing criminal proceedings, particularly, the charge framed in terms of Section 228 of the Code should be exercised very sparingly and with circumspection and that too in the rarest of rare cases.

27.2) The Court should apply the test as to whether the uncontroverted allegations as made from the record of the case and the documents submitted therewith prima facie establish the offence or not. If the allegations are so patently absurd and  inherently improbable

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that no prudent person can ever reach such a conclusion and where the basic ingredients of a criminal offence are not satisfied then the Court may interfere.

27.3) The High Court should not unduly interfere. No meticulous examination of the evidence is needed for considering whether the case would end in conviction or not at the stage of framing of charge or quashing of charge.

27.9) Another very significant caution that the courts have to observe is that it cannot examine the facts, evidence and materials on record to determine whether there is sufficient material on the basis of which the case would end in a conviction; the Court is concerned primarily with the allegations taken as a whole whether they will constitute an offence and, if so, is it an abuse of the process of court leading to injustice.

27.13) Quashing of a charge is an exception to the rule of continuous prosecution. Where the offence is even broadly

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satisfied, the Court should be more inclined to permit continuation of prosecution rather than its quashing at that initial stage. The Court is not expected to marshal the records with a view to decide admissibility and reliability of the documents or records but is an opinion formed prima facie.”

30. Applying the above tests, we are of the

considered opinion that High Court erred in

quashing the charges framed by the order dated

05.05.2009. In result, both the appeals are

allowed.  The order of the High Court is set aside

and the order dated 05.05.2009 is restored. The

learned Special Judge may proceed with the trial

in accordance with the law expeditiously.

........................J (Ranjan Gogoi)

........................J (Ashok Bhushan)

New Delhi February 03, 2017