Manoj Manu Vs Union of India .

Page 1

CA.No.6707/2013@SLP(C)No.26967/2011

REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO.6707/2013 (Arising out of Special Leave Petition (Civil) No.26967/2011)

Manoj Manu & Anr. ….Appellants

Vs.

Union of India & Ors. ….Respondents

J U D G M E N T

A.K. SIKRI, J.

1. Leave granted.

2. This appeal has been preferred by the present appellants

questioning the validity of the judgment and order dated May 16, 2011

passed by the High Court, in Writ Petition which was filed by the appellants

questioning the validity of the order dated 29th March 2011, of the Central

Administrative Tribunal (hereinafter referred to as the “Tribunal”), Principal

Bench, New Delhi. The Tribunal had dismissed the Original Application

preferred by the appellants herein under Section 19 of the Administrative

Tribunal Act against their non-appointment to the post of Section Officer’s

1

Page 2

CA.No.6707/2013@SLP(C)No.26967/2011

Grade of the Central Secretariat Service. The said O.A. was dismissed by

the Tribunal vide order dated 29th March 2011 which has been upheld by the

High Court.

3. There is no dispute about the facts, which may be briefly recapitulated

to understand the controversy that has arisen in these proceedings. The

appellants were working as Assistants in the Central Secretariat Service

(CSS) and appeared in Limited Departmental Competitive Examination for

the next promotion to the post of Section Officer’s Grade in that service.

There are two channels of promotion: one by way of seniority and other fast

track in the form of Limited Departmental Competitive Examination

(LDCE). The appellants appeared in the said LDCE 2005, which was

conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) on the

requisition sent to it for 184 general category posts by the Department of

Personnel and Training (DoP&T). After holding the examination the UPSC

had recommended 184 candidates in two lots. First lot of 141 candidates

who were found suitable candidates for the said post whereas in the second

lot 43 successful candidates were recommended for appointment. Out of

them 6 candidates did not join. The DoP&T thereafter vide its letter dated

20th November 2009 had requisitioned 6 general category vacancies.

2

Page 3

CA.No.6707/2013@SLP(C)No.26967/2011

However, the UPSC recommended names of three candidates from out of

reserve list maintained by it. These two appellants who were next in the

merit list had secured 305 marks, same as secured by one Rajesh Kumar

Yadav who was recommended by the UPSC in the supplementary list

candidates.

4. The appellants felt aggrieved by their non-recommendation, thereby

denying them the appointment to the post of Section Officer’s Grade. Under

these circumstances, these appellants filed the O.A. before the Tribunal

alleging that the UPSC had acted in an arbitrary and discriminatory manner

in contravention of Article 14 and 16 of the Constitution of India denying

them the right to get the appointment to the post to which they were not only

selected but equally placed as another candidate who was given the

appointment.

5. The Tribunal dismissed the O.A. primarily on the ground that ACR’s

are also seen for determining merit position inter-se candidates who had

secured same marks in written test and it was because of this reason that

these two appellants were not placed before Shri Rajesh Kumar Yadav.

3

Page 4

CA.No.6707/2013@SLP(C)No.26967/2011

6. Before the High Court, the appellants submitted that they were not

questioning the aforesaid reason given by the Tribunal determining inter-se

merit position of the candidates who qualified the written test. Instead their

argument was that the Tribunal lost sight of the actual plea taken viz. when

there were sufficient vacancies available and even as per the letter sent by

the DoP&T vide its letter dated 20th November 2009 names of 6 candidates

were requisitioned, there was no reason not to forward the names of the

appellants for the appointment. The appellants relied upon Clause 4(c) of

the Office Memorandum dated 14th July 1967 in support of their aforesaid

contention. This Clause is reproduced hereinbelow:

“4(c) Once the results are published, additional persons should not normally be taken till the next examination. Nor should vacancies reported before declaration of the results, be ordinarily withdrawn after declaration of the results. If, however, some of the candidates recommended/allotted for appointment against the specific number of vacancies reported in respect of a particular examination do not become available for one reason or another, the Commission may be approached, within a reasonable time, with request for replacements from reserved, if available. When replacements may not be available, the vacancies that may remain unfilled should be reported to the Commission for being filled through the next examination.”

(Emphasis supplied)

4

Page 5

CA.No.6707/2013@SLP(C)No.26967/2011

7. The submission of the appellants before the High Court was that the

aforequoted Clause specifically provides that the vacancies which are

reported have not to be ordinarily withdrawn after the declaration of results.

Therefore, when there were vacancies, and the appellants who had passed

the LDCE were available, their names should have been recommended by

the UPSC for appointment to ensure that vacancies do not go unfilled. It

was also submitted that from the recommended/allotted candidates by the

UPSC in case some of them are not available for whatever reason; the

concerned department could approach the Commission, within a reasonable

time with request for placement from reserved, if available. It was, thus,

stressed that in the instant case when some of the persons did not join with

the result that some vacancies were still available out of the vacancies

reported and even requisition was made, the UPSC should have forwarded

the names of 6 persons thereby including the appellants.

8. The stand of the UPSC, on the other hand, was that whether or not

UPSC should accept the said requisition was not the subject matter of the

aforesaid Office Memorandum. The UPSC pleaded that it was the

convention, followed throughout as a policy decision, that supplementary

list is not to be issued except in two categories of cases, namely, “repeat” or

5

Page 6

CA.No.6707/2013@SLP(C)No.26967/2011

“common” candidates. Repeat candidates are those candidates, who have

participated in the same category in two LDCE and are successful in the first

examination and results have not declared when the second Departmental

Competitive Examination was held. Common candidates are those

candidates, who get selected in more than one category in the LDCE.

9. The High Court accepted the aforesaid contention of the UPSC with

the observation that taking a different view would upset the policy or

convention followed by UPSC and will create ambiguity which may also

lead to confusion. The High Court observed that the examination in

question was held for 196 vacancies as intimated by DoP&T and UPSC had

nominated 184 candidates in two lots. 12 SC vacancies remained unfilled

for want of suitable candidates. A supplementary list of three persons was

also issued as three selected candidates were “common/repeat” candidates.

10. We are unable to agree with the approach of the High Court in the

facts of the present case. It will be useful to point out that reason for sending

the requisition by DoP&T for forwarding the names of persons in the reserve

list was that some of the candidates whose names had been forwarded by the

UPSC did not join the post for one or other reason. The DoP&T in its

6

Page 7

CA.No.6707/2013@SLP(C)No.26967/2011

communication dated 20th November 2009 had itself stated so, giving the

following reasons:

S. Roll Name Category Reasons for the

No. No. (S/Shri) vacancies to arise

1. 001147 Sanjay Bora General Already appointed as PS vide OM No.5/2/ 2009-SC.II dt.16.3.09

2. 000713 Ms.Kitty General Already appointed as PS vide OM No.5/2/ 2009-CS.II dt.16.3.09

3. 001823 Devjyoti General Technically resigned

on 17th August 2007 i.e.prior to the declaration of the result.His lien is over on 17th August 2009.

4. 001604 Sanjeev Jain General He has opted for appointment against seniority quota, 2005 instead of LDCE 2005.

5. 001376 Vishwajit Kalynai General He has given his undertaking to remain as Personal Secretary.

7

Page 8

CA.No.6707/2013@SLP(C)No.26967/2011

6. 001711 Jai Kishore SC Qualified in LDCE 2005 Exam.,however pursuant to a court direction, he has been adjusted against SL 2000 (LDCE)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In respect of each of the aforesaid six candidates DoP&T had given the

reasons as to why those six persons opted not to join the post of Section

Officer’s grade.

11. It can be clearly inferred from the reading of the aforesaid that it is not

the case where any of these persons initially joined as Section Officer and

thereafter resigned/left/promoted etc. thereby creating the vacancies again.

Had that been the situation viz. after the vacancy had been filled up, and

caused again because of some subsequent event, position would have been

different. In that eventuality the UPSC would be right in not forwarding the

names from the list as there is culmination of the process with the

exhaustion of the notified vacancies and vacancies arising thereafter have to

be filled up by fresh examination. However, in the instant case, out of 184

persons recommended, six persons did not join at all. In these circumstances

when the candidates in reserved list on the basis of examination already

held, were available and DoP&T had approached UPSC “within a

8

Page 9

CA.No.6707/2013@SLP(C)No.26967/2011

reasonable time” to send the names, we do not see any reason or justification

on the part of the UPSC not to send the names.

12. We are conscious of the legal position that merely because the name of

a candidate finds place in the select list, it would not give him/her

indefeasible right to get appointment as well. It is always open to the

Government not to fill up all vacancies. However, there has to be a valid

reason for adopting such a course of action. This legal position has been

narrated by this Court in Ms.Neelima Shangla vs. State of Haryana (1986) 3

SCR 785. In that case:

The appellant was the candidate for appointment to the post of Subordinate Judge in Haryana. Under the scheme of the Rules, the Public Service Commission was required to hold first a written test in subjects chosen by the High Court and next a viva voce test. Unless a candidate secures 45% of the marks in the written papers and 33% in the language paper, he will not be called for the viva voce test. All candidates securing 55% of the marks in the aggregate in the written and viva voce tests are considered as qualified for appointment. The appellant though secured 55% of the marks was not appointed as her name was not sent by the Public Service Commission to the Govt. The Supreme Court in such fact situation found that the Public Service Commission is not required to make any further selection from the qualified candidates and is, therefore, not expected to withhold the name of any qualified candidate. The duty of the Public Service Commission is to make available to

9

Page 10

CA.No.6707/2013@SLP(C)No.26967/2011

the Govt., a complete list of qualified candidates arranged in order of merit. How should Govt., act is stated by the Supreme Court in the following words:

“Thereafter the Government is to make the selection strictly in the order in which they have been placed by the Commission as a result of the examination. The names of the selected candidates are then to be entered in the Register maintained by the High Court strictly in that order and appointments made from the names entered in that Register also strictly in the same order. It is, of course, open to the Government not to fill up all the vacancies for a valid reason. The Government and the High Court may, for example, decide that, though 55 per cent is the minimum qualifying mark, in the interests of higher standards, they would not appoint anyone who has obtained less than 60 per cent of the marks.”

(Emphasis supplied)

13. The Court after making reference to the decision of the Supreme Court

in the case of State of Haryana vs. Subhash Chander Marwah reported in

(1972) IILLJ266 SC further observed as under:

“However, as we said, the selection cannot arbitrarily be restricted to a few candidates, notwithstanding the number of vacancies and the availability of qualified candidates. There must be a conscious application of the mind of the Govt., and the High Court before the number of persons selected for appointment is restricted. Any other interpretation would make Rule 8 of Part D meaningless.”

(Emphasis supplied)

10

Page 11

14. It is, thus, manifest that though a person whose name is included in the

select list, does not acquire any right to be appointed. The Government may

decide not to fill up all the vacancies for valid reasons. Such a decision on

the part of the Government not to fill up the required/advertised vacancies

should not be arbitrary or unreasonable but must be based on sound, rational

and conscious application of mind. Once, it is found that the decision of the

Government is based on some valid reason, the Court would not issue any

Mandamus to Government to fill up the vacancies.

15. In the present case, however, we find that after the UPSC sent the list

of 184 persons/recommended by it, to the Government for appointment six

persons out of the said list did not join. It is not a case where the

Government decided not to fill up further vacancies. On the contrary

DoP&T sent requisition to the UPSC to send six names so that the remaining

vacancies are also filled up. This shows that in so far as Government is

concerned, it wanted to fill up all the notified vacancies. The requisition

dated 20th November 2009 in this behalf was in consonance with its Clause

4(c) of O.M. dated 14th July 1967. Even when the Government wanted to

fill up the post, the UPSC chose to forward names of three candidates.

11

Page 12

16. There is a sound logic, predicated on public interest, behind O.M.

dated 14th July 1967. The intention is not to hold further selection for the

post already advertised so as to save unnecessary public expenditure. At the

same time, this very O.M. also stipulates that the Government should not fill

up more vacancies than the vacancies which were advertised. The purpose

behind this provision is to give chance to those who would have become

eligible in the meantime. Thus, this OM dated 14th July 1967 strikes a

proper balance between the interests of two groups of persons. In the

present case since the requisition of the DoP&T contained in communication

dated 20th November 2009 was within the permissible notified vacancies, the

UPSC should have sent the names of six candidates instead of three.

17. This Court in Sandeep Singh vs. State of Haryana & Anr. (2002) 10

SCC 549 commended that the vacancies available should be filled up unless

there is any statutory embargo for the same. In Virender S.Hooda & Ors.

Vs. State of Haryana & Anr. AIR 1999 SC 1701, 12 posts for direct

recruitment were available when the advertisement for recruitment was

made which was held in the year 1991. Some of the selected candidates did

not join in this batch almost similar to the present case, the Court held that

the appellant’s case ought to have been considered when some of the

12

Page 13

candidates for reasons of the non-appointment of some of the candidates and

they ought to have been appointed if they come within the range of

selection.

18. It is not the case of the UPSC that under no circumstances the names

are sent by way of supplementary list, after sending the names of the

candidates equal to the vacancies. As per the UPSC itself, names of

“repeat/common” candidates are sent and in the present case itself, three

names belonging to such category were sent. However, exclusion of the

persons like the appellants has clearly resulted in discrimination as one of

those three candidates Rajesh Kumar Yadav had also secured 305 marks and

once he was appointed to the post in question, the appellants with same

marks have been left out even when the vacancies were available.

19. We are, therefore, of the opinion in the facts of the present case, the

decision of UPSC in forwarding three names against requisition of DoP&T

for six vacancies was inappropriate. We, accordingly, allow the present

appeal; set aside the order of the High Court as well as Tribunal and issue

Mandamus to the UPSC to forward the names of the next three candidates to

the DoP&T for appointment to the post of Section Officer’s Grade. They

shall get the seniority from the date when Rajesh Kumar Yadav was

13

Page 14

appointed to the said post. Their pay shall notionally be fixed, without any

arrears of the pay and other allowances.

20. No costs.

………………………………J. [Anil R. Dave]

………………………………J. [A.K.Sikri]

New Delhi,

August 12, 2013

14