REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO.4631 OF 2019 (Arising out of SLP (Civil) No. 6276 of 2019)

Karnataka Housing Board                    …Appellant

versus

K. A. Nagamani                …Respondent

J U D G M E N T

INDU MALHOTRA, J.

Leave granted. 1. The present Civil Appeal arises out of execution proceedings

initiated by the  Respondent –  Complainant from an  Order

passed by the State Commission in a consumer dispute. The

issue which has arisen for consideration is whether a Revision

Petition under Section 21(b) of the Consumer Protection Act,

1986 (herein after referred to as “the 1986 Act”) is

maintainable before the National Commission Dispute

Redressal  Commission  (herein  after referred to  as “National

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Commission”) against an Order passed by the State

Commission in an execution proceeding. 2. The  factual  matrix  in which the present  jurisdictional issue

has been raised, is as follows: 2.1. The Respondent – Complainant applied for allotment of a

HIG­B Flat under the Self­Financing Housing Scheme at

Kengeri,  Bangalore.  The  Appellant –  Karnataka  Housing

Board  (hereinafter  referred to as “the Board”)  vide  letter

dated 25.03.1992 allotted Flat No. 116, Type B on the First

Floor to the Respondent – Complainant. The Board issued

a Provisional Allotment letter dated 23.04.1992 informing

the Respondent – Complainant that the cost of the flat was

Rs. 3,15,000 which was to be paid in the instalments as

specified.  It is an admitted position that the Respondent –

Complainant deposited a total amount of Rs. 2,67,750 in

four instalments. 2.2. The  Board issued letter dated 24.06.1995  whereby the

Respondent –  Complainant  was  allotted  another flat,  in

lieu  of the earlier flat for which the provisional allotment

had been made. The Respondent – Complainant was

informed that the cost of the flat was Rs. 5,90,000. Since

the Respondent – Complainant was not willing to pay the

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final cost demanded by the Board, she sought a refund of

the amount deposited by her. 2.3. The Board refunded the amount of Rs. 2,63,813 after

deducting Rs. 3,937 deposited by the Respondent –

Complainant. 2.4. The Respondent – Complainant made a representation to

the Board demanding refund of the amount deducted, and

also Interest @ 27% p.a. on the entire amount deposited

from the date of payment of each instalment, till the date

of refund. The Board however refused to accept the demand of

the Respondent – Complainant. 2.5. The Respondent – Complainant filed a Consumer

Complaint alleging deficiency of service under Section 2(1)

(c)(iii) of the 1986 Act before the District Consumer

Disputes Redressal Forum, Bangalore, and prayed for

compensation. The District Forum  vide  Order dated 21.12.2006

allowed the Complaint, and directed payment of Interest @

12% p.a. on the amount deposited being Rs. 2,67,750 from

the date of deposit of the respective instalments, till the

date of realization. The Board was also directed to refund

the amount of Rs. 3,937 to the Respondent – Complainant.

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It was directed that the amounts be paid within 45 days

from the date of the Order. 2.6. Being dissatisfied with the compensation awarded by the

District Forum  vide  Order dated 21.12.2006, the

Respondent –  Complainant  preferred  Appeal  No.  166  of

2007 before the Karnataka State Consumer Disputes

Redressal Commission, Bangalore.

The  State  Commission  vide  Order  dated  06.02.2007

dismissed the Appeal of the Respondent – Complainant.

2.7. The Respondent – Complainant filed Revision Petition No.

1839 of 2007 before the National Commission.  The National Commission vide Order dated 04.08.2011

dismissed the  Revision  Petition and affirmed the  Order

passed by the District Forum. 2.8. The Respondent – Complainant filed SLP (Civil) No. 35226

– 35227 of 2011 before this Court, which was allowed, and

the  Order passed  by the  National  Commission  was set

aside.  This Court  vide  Judgment and Order dated

19.09.2012 directed the Appellant – Board to pay Interest

@ 18% p.a. on the amount deposited being Rs. 2,67,750

from the date of deposit till the date of realization; refund

the amount of Rs. 3,937 which had been deducted by the

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Board; pay Rs. 50,000 towards compensation for

deficiency in service, and  Rs. 20,000 towards  Costs of

litigation to the Respondent – Complainant. The operative

part of the Order is set­out herein below for ready

reference : “For the reasons  aforesaid,  we  allow  the  appeals and pass the following order:­ (i) The respondent is directed to pay the appellant­ complainant interest at the rate of 18% per annum on Rs.2,67,750/­ from date of its respective deposit till the date of realization with  further  direction  to refund the amount of Rs. 3,937/­ to her, as directed by the Consumer Forum. (ii) The respondent is directed to pay the appellant­ complainant further sum of Rs.50,000/­ as compensation for deficiency in service on their part. (iii) The respondent is also directed to pay the appellant­complainant a sum of Rs.20,000/­ towards cost of the litigation incurred by her.”

The  ‘consumer dispute’  stood  finally  adjudicated by  this

Court  vide  Judgment and Order dated 19.09.2012 which

conclusively determined the rights and obligations of the

parties. 2.9. The Respondent – Complainant filed Execution Application

No. 2 of 2014 before the District Forum. The Respondent –

Complainant claimed payment of an amount of Rs.

3,58,749 towards execution of the Order dated 19.09.2012

passed by this Court. Both parties submitted their Memo

of calculation before the District Forum. The District

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Forum vide Order dated 16.08.2014 held that the Memo of

calculation filed by the  Respondent –  Complainant  was

partly correct, and directed the Appellant – Board to make

an additional payment of Rs. 1,07,057. The Board satisfied the Decree by payment of the sum

of Rs. 1,07,057 vide Demand Draft dated 09.09.2014. 2.10. On 22.09.2014, the Respondent – Complainant filed

Execution Appeal No. 1238 of 2014 under Section 15 of

the 1986 Act, challenging the  Order dated 16.08.2014

before the State Commission.  

The  State  Commission  vide  Order  dated  01.03.2016

allowed the Appeal filed by the Respondent – Complainant,

and set aside the Order dated 16.08.2014 passed by the

District Forum in E.P. No. 2 of 2014. It was directed that

the  amount of  Rs.  2,67,750 already paid  by  the  Board,

would be appropriated first towards the Interest

component and then towards the principal  amount.  The

State Commission remitted the matter to the District

Forum for fresh computation in compliance with the

Order.  

2.11. Aggrieved by the  Order of the State  Commission, the

Appellant – Board preferred a Revision Petition u/S. 21(b)

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of the 1986 Act before the National Commission being R.P.

No. 1362 of 2016.  The Respondent  –  Complainant filed I.A.  No.  299 of

2017 to challenge the maintainability of the Revision

Petition filed by the Appellant – Board.  The Revision Petition filed by the Board was allowed

vide  Order dated 10.02.2017. The stand taken by the

Respondent – Complainant was rejected as being devoid of

merit.  2.12. The Respondent – Complainant thereafter preferred M.A.

No. 281 of  2017  for referring  I.A.  No.  299 of  2017 to a

larger bench; and filed M.A. No. 282 of 2017 for declaring

the Order dated 10.02.2017 to be a nullity.  The National Commission vide Order dated 02.02.2018

rejected the applications filed by the Respondent –

Complainant.   2.13. Being aggrieved by the  Orders dated 10.02.2017 and

02.02.2018 passed by the National Commission, the

Respondent – Complainant  filed W.P. (Civil)  No.  1746 of

2018 before the Delhi High Court. The  Delhi  High  Court  vide  the Impugned Judgment

dated 13.11.2018, set aside the  Orders passed by the

National Commission, and held that the National

Commission  had  no jurisdiction to entertain  a  Revision

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Petition against the Order passed in Execution Proceedings

by the State Commission. It was held that the nature of

enforcement  proceedings is  materially  different from  the

proceedings for adjudication of the consumer dispute. The

Order passed in an Execution Petition was not amenable

to a challenge before the National Commission in exercise

of its Revisional Jurisdiction.  2.14. Aggrieved by the Order dated 13.11.2018 passed by the

Delhi High Court, the Appellant filed the present Appeal. 3. The learned Counsel for the Appellant submitted that: 3.1. A  Revision Petition is  maintainable before the  National

Commission under Section 21(b) of the 1986 Act. The

revisional jurisdiction exercised by the National

Commission is wide, and intended to encompass all

proceedings before the State Commissions.  3.2. The intent of Section 21(b) is clearly to provide revisional

jurisdiction to the  National  Commission, over the  State

Commission. The reference under Section 21(b) is

specifically to orders passed in any consumer dispute

which is pending before, or has been decided by any State

Commission.  

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3.3. The phrase “consumer dispute” under Section 21(b) of the

1986 Act must be understood to mean any dispute which

arises under the 1986 Act. 3.4. Execution proceedings are a continuation of the original

proceedings i.e. the Consumer Complaint.  Reliance in this regard was placed on the judgment of

this Court in  Dokku Bhushayya  v.  Katragadda

Ramakrishnayya & Ors.1

4. On the other hand, the Respondent who appeared in person,

inter alia contended that : 4.1. A Revision Petition is not maintainable under Section 21(b)

of the 1986 Act, against an order of the State Commission

passed in execution proceedings. 4.2. The impugned judgment does not merit interference.  4.3. Section 3 of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 provides

that the provisions of the Act shall be in addition to, and

not in derogation of the provisions of any other law for the

time being  in force.  Therefore, the National  Commission

cannot go beyond the limitation placed by the CPC. Order

45, Rule 16 of CPC bars revision in execution appeals.  4.4. An execution petition cannot be termed as a continuation

of the  ‘consumer dispute’.  The definition of a  ‘complaint’

and a ‘consumer dispute’ u/S. 2(1)(c) and (e) respectively,

1 (1963) 2 SCR 499.

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cannot be given a wide interpretation to encompass

execution proceedings. 4.5. An Order in execution proceedings is not an Order  in a

“consumer dispute” pending before the State Commission.

The “consumer dispute” filed by the Respondent –

Complainant  was finally  adjudicated  by this  Court  vide

Judgment and Order dated 19.09.2012. 4.6. In an execution proceeding, the executing forum only has

the jurisdiction ‘to execute’ the order in accordance with

Order XXI CPC. 5. We have heard both the parties and perused the pleadings and

written submissions filed. 6. The  issue which arises  for  our consideration  in the present

Appeal is whether a Revision Petition is maintainable before

the National Commission u/S. 21(b) of the 1986 Act against an

Order passed by the State Commission in an appeal arising

out of execution proceedings. 6.1. The right to  file a Revision Petition,  like an appeal, is a

right conferred by statute.2  In the absence of a statutory

conferment, there is no inherent right to file a revision.  Section  21 sets out the jurisdiction  of the  National

Commission which is reproduced hereunder: “21. Jurisdiction of the National Commission. — Subject to the  other  provisions  of

2 P.S. Sathappan (Dead) by Lrs.  v. Andhra Bank Ltd. and Ors. (2004) 11 SCC 672.

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this Act, the National Commission shall have jurisdiction— (a) to entertain—

(i)  complaints where the value of the goods or services and compensation, if any, claimed exceeds rupees      one      crore; and

(ii) appeals against the orders of any State Commission; and

(b) to call for the records and pass appropriate orders in any con   sumer dispute which is pending before or has been decided by any State Commission where it appears to the National Commission that such State Commission has exercised a jurisdiction not vested in it by law, or has failed to exercise a jurisdiction so vested, or has acted in the exercise of its jurisdiction illegally or with material irregularity.   ”

(emphasis supplied)

The National Commission has :  (i) original jurisdiction to entertain complaints

where the value of goods or services exceeds

rupees one crore;  (ii) jurisdiction to entertain appeals against Orders

of any State Commission; and  (iii) supervisory jurisdiction over any State

Commission in any “consumer dispute” pending

or decided by a State Commission,  which is

challenged on the ground of  lack or excess of

jurisdiction. 6.2. The  exercise  of revisional jurisdiction u/S.  21(b)  by the

National Commission is limited to a consumer dispute

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which has been filed before the State Commission3.  The

jurisdiction u/S. 21(b) of the 1986 Act can be exercised by

the National Commission only in case of a “consumer

dispute” filed before the State Commission. The National

Commission in exercise of its supervisory jurisdiction u/S.

21(b) is concerned about the correctness or otherwise of

the orders passed by the State Commission in a “consumer

dispute”.  6.3. A Revision Petition has a narrower scope than an ‘appeal’.

In  Dattonpant Gopalvarao Devakate  v.  Vithalrao

Maruthirao Janagaval,4  this Court discussed the

distinction between “appellate jurisdiction” and “revisional

jurisdiction” as follows: “2. ‘Appeal’ and ‘revision’ are expressions of common usage in Indian statute and the distinction between ‘appellate jurisdiction’ and ‘revisional jurisdiction’ is well known though not well defined. Ordinarily, appellate jurisdiction involves a rehearing, as it were, on law as well as fact and is invoked by an aggrieved person.  Such  jurisdiction may, however, be limited in some way as, for instance has been done in the case of second appeal under the Code of Civil Procedure, and under some Rent Acts in some States. Ordinarily, again, revisional jurisdiction is analogous to a power of superintendence  and may sometimes  be  exercised even without its being invoked by a party.  The extent of revisional jurisdiction is defined by the statute conferring such jurisdiction. The conferment of revisional jurisdiction is generally for the purpose

3 Galada Power and Telecommunication Ltd. v. United India Insurance Co. Ltd. & Ors.   (2016) 14 SCC 161. 4 (1975) 2 SCC 246.

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of keeping tribunals subordinate to the revising Tribunal within the bounds of their authority to make  them act  according  to law, according  to the procedure established by law and according to well defined principles of justice.”  

(emphasis supplied)

6.4. Reference must also be made to the judgment of this Court

in Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. v. Dilbahar Singh,5

wherein it was held that : “…Conceptually,  revisional jurisdiction  is  a part  of appellate  jurisdiction but  it is not vice­versa.  Both, appellate jurisdiction and revisional jurisdiction are creatures of statutes. No party to the proceeding has an inherent right of appeal or revision. An appeal is continuation of suit or original proceeding, as the case may be. The power of the appellate court is co­ extensive  with that of the trial court. Ordinarily, appellate jurisdiction involves re­hearing on facts and law but such jurisdiction may be limited by the statute itself that provides for appellate jurisdiction. On the other hand, revisional jurisdiction, though, is a part of appellate jurisdiction but ordinarily it cannot be equated with that of a full­fledged appeal. In other words, revision is not continuation of suit or of original proceeding.  When the  aid  of revisional court is invoked on the revisional side, it can interfere within the permissible parameters provided in the statute.”

(emphasis supplied)

6.5. Ordinarily, the  power of revision can  be exercised only

when illegality, irrationality, or impropriety is found in the

decision making process of the fora below. 7. The revisional jurisdiction conferred on the National

Commission u/S. 21(b) is with respect to a pending or

disposed of ‘consumer dispute’ before the State Commission.

5 (2014) 9 SCC 78

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7.1. The consumer dispute, in the present case,  had already

been finally adjudicated by this Court vide Judgment and

Order  dated  19.09.2012.  The  second round  of litigation

emanated from the execution of the final order passed by

this Court. 7.2. Section 25 of the 1986 Act, provides for the enforcement of

Orders passed by the District Forum, State Commission or

National Commission.  Section 25(3) states : 25. Enforcement of orders of the District Forum, the State Commission or the National Commission. (3) Where any amount is due from any person under an order made by a District Forum, State Commission or the National Commission, as the case may be, the person entitled to the amount may make an application to the District Forum, the State Commission or the National Commission, as the case may be, and such District Forum or the State Commission or the National Commission may issue a certificate for the said amount to the Collector of the district (by whatever name called) and the Collector shall proceed to recover the amount in the same manner as arrears of land revenue.

An Order  passed for enforcement,  would  not  be  an

order in the ‘consumer dispute’ since it stands finally

decided  by the  appellate forum,  which  has conclusively

determined the rights and obligations of the parties. 7.3. The nature of execution proceedings is materially different

from the nature of proceedings for adjudication of a

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consumer complaint. Execution proceedings are

independent proceedings.  Orders passed for enforcement

of the final order in the  Consumer dispute, cannot be

construed to be orders passed in the ‘consumer dispute’.  7.4. During the course of the hearing, learned Counsel for the

Appellant raised a contention that execution proceedings

are a continuation of the ‘appeal’, and must therefore be

considered to be a continuation of the ‘consumer dispute’. Reliance in this regard was placed on the decision of

the Bombay High Court in  Satguru Construction Co. Pvt.

Ltd. & Ors. v. Greater Bombay Co­operative Bank Ltd.,6 and

Raghunath R. Shingate v. Jayant Gajanan Pathak & Ors.,7

as well as the Patna High Court in  M/s. Parshava

Properties Ltd.  v.  A.K. Bose,8  wherein it was held that

execution proceedings are a continuation of the Suit. 7.5. On  the  other  hand, the  Respondent  –  Complainant  has

placed reliance  on a Full  Bench of the  Andhra Pradesh

High  Court in  Guntupalli  Rama Subbayya  v.  Guntupalli

Rajamma,9 wherein it was held that :  “Execution Proceedings, in our view, cannot be regarded as continuation of the suit in the sense in which the proceedings in appeal are treated.”

(emphasis supplied)

6 2007 (3) MhLJ 843. 7 2011 (6) MhLJ 799. 8 AIR 1979 Pat 308. 9 AIR 1988 AP 226.

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7.6. A Full Bench of the Patna High Court in  Masomat

Narmada Devi & Anr.  v.  Nandan Singh & Ors.,10  has

similarly held that execution proceedings cannot be

regarded as a continuation of the Suit. 7.7. We affirm the view taken by the Full Bench of the Andhra

Pradesh High Court and Patna High Court. Execution

proceedings even though they are proceedings in a suit,

cannot be considered to be a continuation of the original

suit. Execution proceedings are separate and independent

proceedings for execution of the decree. The merits of the

claim or dispute, cannot be considered during execution

proceedings.  They  are independent  proceedings initiated

by the decree holder to enforce the decree passed in the

substantive dispute.  7.8. There  is  no remedy provided under Section 21 to file  a

Revision Petition against an Order passed in appeal by the

State Commission in execution proceedings.  Section 21(b) does not provide for filing of a Revision

Petition before the National Commission against an Order

passed by the State Commission in execution proceedings. 7.9. In the present case, the National Commission committed a

jurisdictional error  by entertaining the  Revision  Petition

10 AIR 1987 Pat 33.

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u/S. 21(b) filed by the Appellant – Board against an appeal

filed before the State Commission, in Execution

proceedings.

8. The  National  Commission erroneously allowed the  Revision

Petition u/S. 21(b) which was not maintainable. Furthermore,

the National Commission modified the decree passed by this

Court  vide  Order  dated 19.11.2012 wherein  this  Court  had

directed the Board to pay Interest @ 18% p.a. on the principal

amount of Rs. 2,67,750/­ (which included an amount of Rs.

3,937 which had been initially deducted by the Board).  The

National Commission has awarded Interest on the amount of

Rs. 3,937/­ twice, by first including it in the principal amount

of Rs. 2,67,750/­; and thereafter awarding Interest @ 18% on

the same amount of Rs. 3,937/­, which would amount to a

double payment.  

9. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we affirm the judgment of

the Delhi High Court, which has rightly set aside the Order

passed  by the  National  Commission on the ground that a

Revision Petition was not maintainable against the Order

passed by the State Commission in an appeal arising out of

execution proceedings.  

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The Appeal is accordingly disposed of.

…….........................J. (UDAY UMESH LALIT)

…...……………………J. (INDU MALHOTRA)

New Delhi, May 6, 2019

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