GWALIOR SUGAR CO.LTD. Vs ANIL GUPTA .
Bench: P. SATHASIVAM,RANJAN GOGOI
Case number: C.A. No.-007760-007760 / 2012
Diary number: 1002 / 2008
Advocates: BINA GUPTA Vs
B. S. BANTHIA
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REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL No. 7760 of 2012 (Arising out of SLP (Civil) No. 1861 of 2008)
Gwalior Sugar Co. Ltd. & Anr. … Appellant(s)
Versus
Anil Gupta and Ors. … Respondent(s)
J U D G M E N T
RANJAN GOGOI, J.
Leave granted.
2. This appeal is directed against the judgment and
order dated 01.12.2007 passed by the High Court of
Madhya Pradesh in a Public Interest Litigation
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registered and numbered as Writ Petition
No.1773/2006. By the order impugned in the present
appeal, directions have been issued by the High Court
for demarcation of the surplus land of the appellant –
Company both under the provisions of the Urban Land
Ceiling Act, 1976 (since repealed) (hereinafter
referred to as ‘the Urban Land Ceiling Act’) as well as
the provisions of the Madhya Pradesh Ceiling on
Agriculture Holding Act, 1960 (hereinafter referred to
as “the Ceiling on Agricultural Holding Act). After the
demarcation of the excess land in terms of the
directions issued by the High Court, further directions
have been issued for vesting of the excess land, both
urban and agricultural, in the Government.
Furthermore, the appellant – Company has been
restrained from affecting any transfers of the urban
land allotted to it and all such transfers as may have
been made have been declared as null and void by the
High Court.
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3. A brief resume of the relevant facts in which the
above noted directions have been issued by the High
Court may now be set out:
The appellant, a private limited company, is the
owner of a sugar mill located at Dabra, district
Gwalior in the State of Madhya Pradesh. A total of
215 bighas (approximately) of land was allotted to the
appellant – Company in Samvat 1998 (corresponding
to English Calender year 1941) on the basis of 6
pattas issued by Zamindar in whom the land had come
to be vested. The pattas specified that the land was
meant for setting up of the sugar factory and any kind
of agricultural operations therein was prohibited. The
pattas also specified that the same would be valid till
the existence of the factory. After setting up of the
sugar mill the Company appears to have run into
certain financial difficulties and for the upkeep of the
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sugar mill and for modernization thereof the Company
by a Resolution decided to sell/transfer some parts of
the vacant land allotted to it. In fact some surplus
land stood transferred by way of sale to certain
individuals and the area so transferred is roughly
about 9 bighas. In these circumstances, the Writ
Petition in question was filed as a Public Interest
Litigation contending that surplus land has been
transferred contrary to the terms of the patta in
connivance and collusion with the officials of the State
Government. According to the petitioner more such
transfers were contemplated.
4. The stand of the officials – respondents, initially,
was that land measuring about 178 bighas stood
recorded in the name of the appellant – Company in
the revenue record of Samvat 2013. In the said
records the name of the appellant was recorded as a
“pucca tenant” under Section 54 (vii) of the Madhya
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Bharat Land Revenue and Tenancy Act, Samvat 2007
(hereinafter referred to as ‘the Tenancy Act’).
Thereafter with the coming into force of the MP Land
Revenue Code in the year 1959 the name of the
appellant – Company was recorded as a ‘bhumiswami’
in respect of the aforesaid land. The revenue records
in support of the above facts were in fact enclosed to
the return filed before the High Court on behalf of the
State. A report dated 2.5.2003 of the primary revenue
authority i.e. Naib Tehsildar reciting the above facts
and the fact that the appellant Company was
exempted from the operation of the provisions of the
Ceiling on Agricultural Holding Act by an order dated
8.1.1976 passed by the competent authority was also
enclosed to the said return. Subsequently, however,
an additional return dated 7.8.2007 was filed on
behalf of the state wherein the right of the appellant
to transfer the land contrary to the terms of the pattas
issued to it was questioned, notwithstanding, its
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status as a Bhumiswami under the Land Revenue
Code, 1959.
5. The appellant – Company and its principal
Director who were impleaded respondent Nos.12 and
13 in the PIL, in their return, placed before the High
Court copies of the original pattas granted by the then
Zamindar in Samvat 1997-98 (English Calender year
1941-42). It was claimed that on the basis of the
entries in the revenue records, namely, Khasra of
village Dabra, Samvat 2007 (equivalent to English
calendar year 1950) the status of the appellant –
Company in respect of the land in question was
recorded as ‘Gair Mairusi’. The appellant – Company
had contended that with the coming into force of the
Tenancy Act, w.e.f. 15.8.50, by virtue of the provisions
of Section 54 (vii), the status of the appellant –
Company became that of a “pucca tenant”.
Thereafter, on the coming into force of the Land
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Revenue Code in the year 1959, the status of the
appellant – Company was that of a bhumiswami which
vested in the appellant – Company a right of transfer
of the land under Section 165 (1) of the Code. The bar
imposed on such transfer by sub-section (4) of section
165 did not apply to the case of the appellant –
Company in view of the fact that the land that it was
holding was non-agricultural land. The appellant –
Company, in its return before the High Court, had also
referred to an order dated 22.11.1993 of the Under
Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of Law
Justice and Company Affairs (Department of Company
Affairs) which had noticed all the above facts
including the reasons for the transfers of some of the
lands held by the appellant – Company already made
or proposed. It was contended that by virtue of the
aforesaid order dated 22.11.93 approval of the Central
Government for commencement of business of sale of
surplus land by the company was granted. Another
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significant fact that was mentioned by the appellant –
Company in its return is a proceeding before the High
Court of Madhya Pradesh in Second Appeal No.482 of
2002 which stood concluded by order dated 25.8.03
holding that the appellant – Company had acquired
the status of Bhumiswami in respect of the land
allotted to it.
6. On a consideration of the respective cases
pleaded by the contesting parties and on due
consideration of the materials on record the High
Court had thought it fit to pass the impugned
directions, details of which have already been noticed.
Aggrieved, this appeal has been filed.
7. We have heard Shri Ranjit Kumar, learned senior
counsel for the appellant and Shri B.S. Banthia,
learned counsel for the respondent Nos. 3-12. None
has appeared on behalf of the PIL petitioners who
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have been impleaded as the respondents 1 and 2 in
the present appeal.
8. Learned counsel for the appellant has contended
that in the revenue records pertaining to the land in
question, as existing prior to commencement of
Tenancy Act, the appellant – Company was recorded
as a ‘Gair Mairusi’. After coming into force of the
Tenancy Act w.e.f. 15.8.1950 the appellant – Company
acquired the status of a “pucca tenant” under Section
54(vii) of the Act. The said status entitled the
appellant – Company to the status of “bhumiswami”
once the MP Land Revenue Code, 1959 came into
force. The aforesaid position, it is pointed out, had
been accepted and acknowledged by the State
Government in the return filed by it before the High
Court. Learned counsel has also pointed out that the
status of the appellant – Company as a bhumiswami
had not been disputed in the additional return filed
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on behalf of the State – wherein the only contention
urged is that such status would not confer in the
appellant a right to transfer the land contrary to the
terms of the patta. Learned counsel has also referred
to the order of the Government of India, Ministry of
Law Justice and Company Affairs dated 22.11.1993 as
well as the judgment and order of the High Court of
Madhya Pradesh dated 25.08.2003 in Second Appeal
No. 480 of 2002 to contend that the transfers already
made or proposed by the appellant – company were
with due permission of the competent authority of the
Government of India and the right of the appellant –
company to affect such transfers, as a bhumiswami,
had attained finality in law by virtue of the judgment
passed in the proceedings of the Second Appeal
before the High Court. Learned counsel had
vehemently argued that the right of a bhumiswami to
transfer the land being a statutory right, the exercise
thereof cannot be curtailed by the conditions of the
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patta, as urged in the additional return dated 7.8.2007
of the State.
9. Proceeding further, learned counsel has pointed
out that the Urban Land Ceiling Act stood repealed
w.e.f. 22.3.1999 and thus was not in force on the date
of the judgment of the High Court. The provisions of
the said repealed Act, therefore, could not have been
applied to the case of the appellant. In so far as the
Ceiling on Agricultural Holding Act is concerned, it is
pointed out that in the report of the Tehsildar dated
02.05.2003 it has already been recorded that the
appellant – Company was exempted from the
provisions of the said Act. In such a situation the High
Court could not have invoked the provisions of either
of the enactments to the present case so as to justify
the directions under challenge.
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10. The State which had initially supported the case
of the appellant before the High Court had reiterated
before us the stand taken by it in the additional
counter filed before the High Court on 7.8.2007.
Shortly put, it is urged that the land held by the
appellant was allotted for the purpose of industry and
not agriculture. It is pointed out that after coming
into force of the Madhya Pradesh Zamindari Abolition
Act, Samvat 2003, w.e.f. 2.10.1951, the land stood
reverted to the Government. Under Section 39 of the
Zamindari Abolition Act it was incumbent on the
appellant to submit an application for grant of a fresh
lease to be issued by the State Government under
Section 101 of the Tenancy Act of 1950. It is
contended that no such application was filed nor any
fresh lease was granted by the State Government
under the aforesaid provisions of the two Acts in
question. The acquisition of the status of
bhumiswami, in the absence of a fresh lease under
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Section 101 of the Tenancy Act, has been questioned
on the aforesaid basis. It is also contended that the
order of the Government of India, Ministry of Law
Justice and Company Affairs dated 22.11.93 was not a
permission authorizing to the appellant – Company to
sell the land. In so far as the Civil Court decree is
concerned, it is contended that the said decree
pertains only to land covered by three specific khasra
Nos. i.e. 1760/1, 1755/1 and 1776/1 and not to the
entire area allotted. In any case according to the
State, the said decree would not be binding on it in as
much as it was not a party to the suit and the
resultant proceedings.
11. The provisions of section 101 of the Tenancy Act
and section 39 of the M.B. Zamindari Abolition Act
may be extracted herein below for the purpose of
necessary clarity in the discussions that will have to
follow:
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Section 101 of the Tenancy Act
“101. Leases for non-agricultural purposes – (1) The Government may grant leases of land to be used for other than agricultural purposes. The rights and liabilities of the lessee of such land shall be such as may be defined by the terms of his lease.
Special leases for agricultural purposes – (1) In order to develop and demonstrate farming by mechanical means or in view of the special circumstances of *1[any tract or piece of land] the Government may also grant leases of land for agricultural purposes on special and specified conditions. The rights and liabilities of the lessee of such land shall be such as may be defined by the terms of the lease.
(2) The Government may either generally or specially delegate any of its powers under this section to such officer as may be specified in this behalf.”
Section 39 of the M.B. Zamindari Abolition Act
“39. Grant of fresh lease for land given for purposes other than agriculture
A person who has taken land on lease from the proprietor for any purpose other than agriculture shall apply within six months from the date of vesting, to obtain from the Government a new lease under Section 101 (1) of Madhya Bharat Revenue Administration and Ryotwari Land Revenue and Tenancy Act, Samvat 2007, and the Government may grant a lease subject to such terms and conditions for securing the rent and utility of land as may be deemed proper. From the date of vesting up to the grant of new lease the person shall be deemed to be a lessee of the Government for that land on the same conditions on which the lease was granted to him by the proprietor. If the Government does not think it proper in the public interest to grant the lease,
1 The words “or place of land” are inserted by M.B. Act No. 18 of 1952.
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the amount of compensation shall be paid at market value.”
12. At the very outset, it must be made clear that
the provisions of the Zamindari Abolition Act, 1951,
have been pressed into service for the first time in the
present appeal. Neither in the pleadings nor in the
arguments made before the High Court on behalf of
the State, the facts now asserted and the legal issues
now raised had been urged. However, the question
raised being with regard to the effect of a statutory
enactment we have considered the same. In the
absence of any pleading that the procedure for grant
of a fresh lease contemplated under section 39 of the
Zamindari Abolition Act had not been followed by the
appellant by making the requisite application as
contemplated by section 101 of the Tenancy Act, no
adverse consequence can be attributed to the
appellant as contended on behalf of the State. Rather,
the status of the appellant as a bhumiswami recorded
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in the revenue records of the later years, in the
absence of any contrary material, will have to be
understood to be pursuant to the grant of a fresh
lease under section 39 of the Zamindari Abolition Act
read with the provisions of section 101 of the Tenancy
Act. Infact, acceptance of the acquisition of the status
of bhumiswami by the appellant in the aforesaid
manner will render it unnecessary for us to go into the
basis of the acquisition of the said status as argued by
the learned counsel for the appellant, which, in any
case, appears to be contrary to the provision of
section 1(2) of the Tenancy Act. The said provision
clearly excludes the villages settled under the
Zamindari system from the purview of the operation
of Part II of the Tenancy Act, which part of the Act,
inter alia, also deals with the acquisition of the status
of “pucca tenant” and “Bhumiswami” by a tenant.
However obliteration of Part II of the Tenancy Act by
operation of section 1(2) thereof does not extinguish
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the different denominations of tenancy including the
status of Bhumiswami which can very well be
acquired by grant of such status by a fresh lease
under sections 101 of the Tenancy Act read with
section 39 of the M.B. Zamindari Abolition Act.
13. The rights of a bhumiswami are clearly
enumerated by Section 165 of the MP Land Revenue
Code which encompasses a right to transfer. The bar
imposed on the right to transfer does not apply to
non-agricultural lands and, hence, would not be
relevant to the present case. If the right of transfer
has been conferred on the appellant by the provisions
of a statute and the bar contemplated does not apply
to the appellant, we do not see how a clause or a
condition in the original patta granted by the
Zamindar in samvat 1978-79 (corresponding to
English Calender year 1940-41) can restrict such a
right. In any case, there is no specific clause or
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condition in any of the original pattas prohibiting or
even restricting the right of the appellant to transfer
any part of the land allotted to it that may be lying
vacant. Neither any material has been placed before
us to enable us to take the view that under terms of
the lease granted under Section 101 of Tenancy Act
and Section 39 of Abolition of Zamindari Act any
restriction or bar had been imposed on the appellant –
Company from making such a transfer.
14. In view of the aforesaid conclusions the issue
with regard to applicability of the Urban Land Ceiling
Act and the Ceiling on Agricultural Holding Act, need
not detains us, save and except to hold that the
provisions of either of the aforesaid Acts, ex-facie, do
not apply to the case of the appellant – Company. We
would further like to observe on the view taken by us
it is not necessary to go into the question as to
whether the decree affirmed by the High Court of
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Madhya Pradesh in S.A. No.482 of 2002 binds the
State or whether the same is in respect of the entire
land holding of the appellant – Company or only a part
thereof.
15. In view of the foregoing discussions and
conclusions reached we allow this appeal and set
aside the judgment and order dated 01.12.2007 of the
High Court as well as the directions contained in the
said order.
...…………………………J. [P. SATHASIVAM]
........……………………J. [RANJAN GOGOI]
New Delhi, November 2, 2012.
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