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            REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1411 OF 2018

Dnyaneshwar Suresh Borkar                                                  Versus

…Appellant

State of Maharashtra …Respondent                      

  J U D G M E N T

M.R.SHAH, J.

1. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment

and order dated 05.05.2006 passed by the High Court of Bombay in

Confirmation Case  No.1  of  2005 with Criminal  Appeal  No.618 of

2005 whereby the High Court has allowed the Confirmation Case

filed by the State and dismissed the appellant’s Criminal Appeal and

confirmed the conviction for the offences punishable under Section

302  of  the  Indian  Penal  Code  (IPC)  and  confirmed  the  death

sentence awarded by the learned Sessions Court, the accused  viz

Dnyaneshwar Suresh Borkar has preferred the present appeal.

2.  That  the  appellant  herein-original  accused  was  tried  by  the

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learned Sessions Court  for  the offences under Sections 302, 364

and Section 201 read with Section 34 of the IPC for having killed a

minor  child  viz ‘Rishikesh’.  That  the  learned  Additional  Sessions

Judge,  Pune  held  the  appellant  herein  guilty  for  the  offences

punishable  under  Sections  302,  364  and  Section  201  read  with

Section 34 of  the  IPC and awarded the  capital  punishment.  The

conviction and sentence imposed by the learned Additional Sessions

Judge have  been confirmed by the  High Court  by the  impugned

judgment and order. Hence the present appeal.

3. At the outset, it is required to be noted that Shri Anand Grover,

learned Senior  Counsel  appearing on behalf  of  the appellant  has

fairly  stated  and  conceded  that  so  far  as  the  conviction  is

concerned, the appellant is not challenging the same. However, he

has prayed for to commute the capital punishment imposed by the

learned Sessions Court, confirmed by the High Court. Therefore, as

such the present appeal is now restricted to the sentence imposed

by  the  learned  Additional  Sessions  Judge  of  capital  punishment

confirmed by the High Court.

4. Shri Grover has pointed out the mitigating circumstances which

warrant commutation of death sentence to life imprisonment. It is

vehemently submitted that accused, at the time of crime, was aged

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of 22-23 years. That he neither have any criminal record nor was he

a hardened criminal. That he was a student studying in a college

without any history or misdemeanour noted in the college or in the

village of his residence. That he has a widowed mother and is the

eldest child. By now he has undergone 18 years of sentence without

remission and with remission it would be 231/2 years. It is submitted

that conduct of the accused in the jail is very good. It is submitted

that the appellant’s behaviour and conduct in jail has shown that

though the appellant may have committed a crime when he was a

young adult, he has used his incarceration to reflect on his actions

and learnt from his mistakes. As an 18 years old boy, he was a

young  impressionable  citizen  trying  to  make  something  out  of

himself and in the process lost his way and made a fatal mistake.

However, if there is anything the appellant’s years in prison have

shown, it is that he is by no means a hardened criminal and most

definitely not beyond the pale of reformation. He further submitted

that during the span of 18 years in the jail, not only he has learned

a lesson but he has realized the mistake committed by him and he

has tried to become a civilized person and that he has completed his

graduation  in  Bachelor  of  Arts  (B.A.)  and  has  also  undergone

training  of  Gandhian  thoughts  undertaken  by  Gandhi  Research

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Foundation, Jalgaon. It is further submitted that the poems written

by the accused in the jail reflect his current mind of state  and by

which it can be said that he has realized the mistake committed by

him at the time when he was just 22 years of age and that he is

reformative. In view of the above submission and relying upon the

decision of this Court in Sunil v. State of Madhya Pradesh (2017) 4

SCC  393,  it  is  prayed  to  commute  the  death  sentence  to  life

imprisonment.  

5. Ms. Deepa Kulkarni learned Counsel appearing for the State has

submitted that in view of the fact that the accused killed a minor

child for ransom, which has ultimately affected the family members

of the deceased and the manner in which the offence was committed

was pre-planned, it is prayed not to show any leniency.

6. We have heard the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the

respective  parties  and  the  prayer  made  by  the  learned  counsel

appearing on behalf of the appellant to commute the death sentence

to life imprisonment.

6.1 Having heard learned counsel appearing on behalf of the parties

on  the  sentence,  we  are  of  the  opinion  that,  in  the  facts  and

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circumstances  of  the  case,  capital  punishment  is  not  warranted.

Striking  the  balance  between  the  aggravating  and  mitigating

circumstances, we are of the opinion that mitigating circumstances

are in favour of the accused while commuting the death sentence to

life  imprisonment.  The  mitigating  circumstances  in  favour  of  the

accused are that :

a. the accused at the time of commission of the offence was aged of

22 years;

b. that, by now, he has spent 18 years in the jail;

c. that, while in jail, his conduct is good;

d. that, the accused has tried to join the society and has tried to

become a civilized man and has completed his graduation in B.A.

from jail. He has tried to become reformative;

e. that, from the poems, written by him in the jail, it appears that he

has realised his mistake which was committed by him at the time

when he was of young age and that he is reformative;

f.  therefore the appellant can be reformed and rehabilitated.

7. The above details show there is a possibility that accused would

not commit similar criminal acts. That the accused would not be a

continuing threat to the society. Considering the aforesaid facts and

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circumstances  of  the  case  and applying  the  law laid  down by  this

Court in the case of Sunil (supra), we are of the opinion that in the

facts  and  circumstances  of  the  case,  the  decision  of  capital

punishment  is  not  warranted.  We  have  considered  each  of  the

circumstance  and  the  crime  as  well  as  the  facts  leading  to  the

commission of the crime by the accused. Though, we acknowledge the

gravity of the offence, we are unable to satisfy ourselves that this case

would fall in the category of ‘rarest of rare case’ warranting the death

sentence.  The  offence  committed,  undoubtedly,  can  be  said  to  be

brutal, but does not warrant death sentence. It is required to be noted

that the accused was not a previous convict or a professional killer. At

the time of commission of offence, he was 22 years of  age. His jail

conduct is also reported to be good.  

8. Considering the aforesaid mitigating circumstances and considering

the decision of this Court in Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980) 2

SCC 684 as well as another decision of this Court in  Shyam Singh

alias Bhima v. State of Madhya Pradesh  (2017) 11 SCC 265 and the

decision of this Court in Sunil (Supra), we think that it will be in the

interest of justice to commute the death sentence to life imprisonment.

9.  In view of the reasons stated above, present appeal is allowed in

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part.  The conviction of the accused for the offences under Sections

302,  364  and  Section  201  read  with  Section  34  of  the  IPC  is

confirmed. However, in the facts and circumstances of the case and in

view of the reasons stated above, we commute the death sentence to

life imprisonment. It will be open to the accused to apply for remission

to the State Government which may be considered in accordance with

law and on its own merits. Present appeal is disposed of accordingly in

terms of the above.

……………………………..............................J. (A.K. SIKRI)

.…………………….............................J.                                                            (S. ABDUL NAZEER )

.…………………….............................J.                                                    (M. R. SHAH )

New Delhi, February 20, 2019.