30 August 2013
Supreme Court
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ANEESH D. LAWANDE Vs STATE OF GOA

Bench: ANIL R. DAVE,DIPAK MISRA
Case number: W.P.(C) No.-000598-000598 / 2013
Diary number: 23121 / 2013
Advocates: JAYANT MOHAN Vs


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Reportable IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION

WRIT PETITION (C) NO. 598 OF 2013

Aneesh D. Lawande & others … Petitioners

Versus

The State of Goa and others … Respondents

J U D G M E N T

Dipak Misra, J.

The present litigation exposits a sad sad scenario.  It is  

sad  because  a  chaos  has  crept  in  in  the  lives  of  some  

students and it  is  further sad as the State of Goa and its  

functionaries  have  allowed  ingress  of  systemic  anarchy  

throwing  propriety  to  the  winds  possibly  harbouring  the  

attitude  of  utter  indifference  and  nurturing  an  incurable

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propensity  to  pave  the  path  of  deviancy.   The  context  is  

admission to Post Graduate courses in a single Government  

medical college at Goa.  The insensitivity of the authorities  

administering  medical  college  admissions  was  seriously  

decried by a three-Judge Bench in  Convenor, MBBS/BDS  

Selection  Board  and  others  v.  Chandan  Mishra  and  

others1 and further echoed in Medical Council of India v.  

Madhu Singh and others2.  The Court in Chandan Mishra  

(supra)  had  approvingly  reproduced  a  sentence  from  the  

decision of the High Court that proclaimed in sheer anguish:  

“Shakespeare in Othello has written “Chaos is come again”.

2. The  saga  of  anguish  continues  with  constant  

consistency.  In  Asha  v.  Pt. B.D. Sharma University of  

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1995 Supp (3) SCC 77

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(2002) 7 SCC 258

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Health  Sciences  and  others3 a  two-Judge  Bench  

commenced the judgment thus: -

“Admission  to  the  medical  courses  (MBBS  and  BDS)  has  consistently  been a  subject  of  judicial  scrutiny and review for more than three decades.  While this Court has enunciated the law and put to  rest the controversy arising in relation to one facet  of  the  admission  and  selection  process  to  the  medical courses, because of the ingenuity of the  authorities  involved  in  this  process,  even  more  complex and sophisticated sets of questions have  come up for  consideration of the Court with the  passage  of  time.  One  can  hardly  find  any  infirmities,  inaccuracies  or  impracticalities  in  the  prescribed scheme and notifications in regard to  the process of selection and grant of admission. It  is the arbitrary and colourable use of power and  manipulation in implementation of the schedule as  well  as  the  apparently  perverse  handling  of  the  process  by  the  persons  concerned  or  the  authorities involved, in collusion with the students  or  otherwise,  that  have  rendered  the  entire  admission process faulty and questionable before  the courts. It is the admissions granted arbitrarily,  discriminately  or  in  a  manner  repugnant  to  the  regulations  dealing  with  the  subject  that  have  invited  judicial  catechism.  With  the  passage  of  time, the quantum of this litigation has increased  manifold.”

3. We have  begun  with  such  a  prefatory  note  and  

referred to the aforesaid pronouncements as the facts, as  

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(2012) 7 SCC 389

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have been uncurtained, would shock one’s conscience.  A  

deliberate labyrinth which not only assaults the majesty,  

sanctity and purity of law, but also simultaneously creates  

a complex situation requiring this Court to intervene in a  

different  manner  to  redeem  the  situation  as  far  as  

possible so that there is some sanguine cathartic effect.   

4. Presently  to  the  facts.   The  State  of  Goa  has  

framed  a  set  of  Rules,  namely,  the  Goa  (Rules  for  

admission to Postgraduate degree and diploma courses of  

the  Goa  University  at  the  Goa  Medical  College)  Rules,  

2004 (for short “the Rules”).  Rule 3 deals with eligibility,  

preference  and  order  of  merit.   Rule  3(1)  deals  with  

eligibility criteria and Rule 3(2) with preference.  Rule 3(3)  

of the Rules deals with order of merit.  The relevant part of  

the said Rule is reproduced below:-

“(3) Order of Merit – (i) The order of merit shall be  determined  by  the  percentage  of  aggregate  marks.

(ii) Aggregate  Marks –  The  percentage  of  aggregate marks shall be arrived at by totaling the  marks obtained in all  the subjects of the 1st,  2nd  and 3rd MBBS Examinations and reducing it  to a  percentage after the following deductions: -

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(a) 5  per  cent  of  marks  shall  be  deducted  for  every  failure  from  the  marks of the subject failed

(b) 5 per cent of marks shall also be  deducted  as  above,  if  the  student  takes a drop in the subject.

(iii) If  two or  more candidates  secure the same  marks in the merit list as drawn above, the marks  obtained in the subject shall decide the merit.  In  case  the  subject  marks  are  also  the  same,  the  total marks secured by the candidates in the Final  M.B.B.S. Examination, or total marks of IInd MBBS  Examination  or  total  marks  of  the  1st M.B.B.S.  Examination, depending on whether the candidate  is  seeking  registration  in  the  clinical  or  para- clinical  or  pre-clinical  subjects  respectively,  shall  decide the merit.

(iv) A candidate, who has failed three times in a  particular  subject,  shall  not  be  eligible  for  registration for the degree or diplomas for which  the marks of that subject are considered.

(v) For  admission  to  the  postgraduate  degree  and diploma courses, the candidates belonging to  the  General  Category  will  be  required  to  obtain  minimum 50% and  the  candidates  belonging  to  the Scheduled Casts, Scheduled Tribes and Other  Backward  Classes  will  be  required  to  obtain  minimum  40%,  aggregate  marks  as  determined  above.”

5. The  said  Rule  governs  the  admission  to  the  

singular medical college and the lone dental college, both  

Government  colleges  affiliated  to  Goa  University.   On

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9.8.2012 the  Government  of  Goa in  the  Department  of  

Public  Health,  through  its  Under  Secretary  (Health)  

communicated  to  the  Dean,  Goa  Medical  College,  as  

follows: -

“I am directed to refer to your letter No. Acad/141/  NEET/12/G.M.C./245  dated  27.6.2012  on  the  subject cited above and to convey approval of the  Government  for  implementation  of  the  Medical  Council  of  India’s  Notification  on  the  National  Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEET) for the Under  Graduate  and  Post  Graduate  students  from  the  Academic Year 2013-14.”  

6. In  pursuance  of  the  decision  taken  the  

students appeared in the National Eligibility-cum-Entrance  

Test  (NEET)  held  in  November-December,  2012  for  the  

medical  courses  and  in  January,  2013  for  the  dental  

courses.  It is worthy to note that introduction of NEET was  

made by issue of a notification by the Medical Council of  

India in exercise of power conferred on it by Section 33 of  

the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956.  The said notification  

as well as the notification issued by the Dental Council of  

India  came  to  be  challenged  in  Christian  Medical

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College  Vellore  and  others  v.  Union  of  India  and  

others4.   

7.  During the pendency of the writ petitions as well as the  

transferred  cases  which  were  transferred  from  various  

High  Courts,  this  Court  on  13.12.2012  passed  the  

following order:-

“Place these matters on 15th January, 2013.

In the meantime, the Medical Council of India, the  Dental Council of India, as well as the States and  Universities and other institutions, will be entitled  to conduct  their  respective examinations for  the  M.B.B.S.,  B.D.S.  and  Post-Graduate  courses,  but  shall  not  declare  the  results  of  the  same,  until  further orders of this Court.

Learned counsel for the respective parties are all  directed  to  make  available  their  written  submissions by 7th January, 2013.

Let copies of this Order be made available to the  advocates-on-record for the respective parties for  communication to concerned Authorities.

Wide publicity may also be given to this Order by  the States, Union of India, Medical Council of India  and  the  Dental  Council  of  India  so  that  the  students, who are intending to sit for the entrance  examination, may have knowledge of the same.”

[Underlining is ours] 4

2013 (9) SCALE 226

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8. After the aforesaid order came to be passed the  

NEET examination was conducted for the medical as well  

as dental courses.  On 13.5.2013 this Court referred to the  

challenge to the notifications, order passed on 13.12.2012  

and thereafter passed the following order: -

“3. On 13th December, 2012, when the matters  were  taken  up  for  consideration,  we  decided  to  post  the matters for  final  hearing on 15th,  16th  and  17th  January,  2013,  and  allowed  the  respective  entrance  examinations,  which  had  already been notified, to be held, while the hearing  progressed.  Such  examinations  included  the  National  Eligibility  Entrance  Test(NEET)  for  both  MBBS  and  PostGraduate  courses  in  different  disciplines,  as  also  the  BDS  and  MDS  examinations.  Presuming that  the  hearing  would  be  completed  on  the  dates  indicated,  we  had  directed  that  the  Medical  Council  of  India,  the  Dental Council of India, as well as the States and  Universities  and  other  institutions,  would  be  entitled to conduct their respective examinations  for the MBBS, BDS and Post-Graduate courses, but  the  results  of  the  examinations  were  not  to  be  declared  until  further  orders  of  the  Court.  Consequently,  although,  the  examinations  have  been  held,  the  results  have  been  withheld  and  have not been declared, on account of the interim  order passed by us.

4. The hearing could not be concluded within 17th  January, 2013, as we had hoped, on account of the  enlargement of the scope of the hearing and the  large number of parties who had to be heard in the  matter.  In  fact,  the  matters  were  last  heard  on  30th April,  2013, and it has, therefore, not been

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possible  to  pronounce  judgment  before  the  Supreme Court closed for  the summer vacations  on 10th May, 2013.   

5.  While  the matters  were being heard,  we had  been  informed  by  the  learned  senior  counsel  appearing  for  the  Christian  Medical  College,  Vellore, and the Karnataka Pvt. Medical & Dental  College, that a large number of students would be  adversely affected and would stand to lose a year,  if the bar on the declaration of their results was  not lifted.  Although,  initially,  we had declined to  entertain such prayer, on account of the delay in  completion of the hearing and the prospect of the  students losing a year on account thereof, we feel  that  students  hoping  to  gain  admission  in  the  MBBS  as  well  as  Post-Graduate  courses  on  the  strength of the results of the examinations, which  have already been held  and for  which they had  appeared, should not be denied such opportunity,  at least for this  year. We are also alive to the fact  that it is the Post-Graduate students in the medical  colleges,  who  take  charge  of  the  medical  treatment  of  patients  in  the  hospitals.  Without  fresh  entrants  into  the  Post-Graduate  courses,  even  for  a  year,  the  hospitals  are  likely  to  be  adversely affected on account of lack of doctors to  directly take care of the patients in the hospitals.   

6. Apart from the above, the students, who aspire  to  gain  entry  into  the  medical  colleges  at  the  MBBS and BDS and the Post-Graduate levels, have  been  caught  in  the  legal  tangle  for  no  fault  of  theirs and are the victims of policy decisions. In  order  to  safeguard  their  interests,  as  also  the  interest of the hospitals,  we consider it  just and  equitable  to  lift  the  bar  imposed by  us  on  13th  December,  2012,  for  this  year's  entrance  examinations and, to that extent,  we modify our  order  of  13th  December,  2012,  and  allow  the

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results of the examinations already conducted to  be  declared  to  enable  the  students  to  take  advantage of the same for the current year.”   

[Emphasis supplied] 9. Pursuant to the aforesaid order, the results of NEET  

were declared on 16.5.2013.  The writ petitioners herein  

secured ranks which entitled them to be admitted to the  

post graduate courses in various streams in the State of  

Goa.

10. When the matter was sub-judice before this Court  

and  this  Court  has  been  passing  interim orders  regard  

being had to the numerous fact situations, the High Court  

of  Bombay at  Goa entertained Writ  Petition  No.  366  of  

2013 by  the  students,  who had failed  to  qualify  in  the  

NEET examination but were eligible to get admission on  

the basis of their aggregate marks as provided under the  

Rules, and passed the following interim order: -

“Mr.  Nadkarni  submits  that  the  applications  for  admission to postgraduate courses in Goa Medical  College have been invited from the students, who  fall in the category of M.B.B.S. examination from  Goa Medical  College as  well  as  those who have  passed  National  Eligibility-cum-Entrance  Test  (‘NEET’ for short) and counselling and admission

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process are presently being undertaken in terms of  MCI Rules on the basis of the result of the NEET.

Considering  the  equities  in  the  matter,  we  direct  the  respondents  to  hold  counselling  in  respect  of  both  the  categories  of  students  and  permit  admission  to  the  students,  who  have  passed NEET subject to further orders that may be  passed by this  Court,  depending upon the order  passed by the Apex Court in the matter pending  before it.  The selected candidates shall be put on  notice  that  the  admissions  are  provisional  in  nature and shall be subject to further orders that  may be passed by this Court.”

11. It is condign to note here that on the basis of the  

ranks in NEET examination and the counselling the writ  

petitioners  were  admitted  in  the  Government  Medical  

College at Goa.

12. At this juncture, we are obliged to state that the  

problem to some extent has been created by the interim  

order passed by the High Court.  With all respect at our  

command, we may state that when the matter was before  

this Court and interim orders were being passed from time  

to time, the High Court should have been well advised not  

to entertain the petition and pass any interim order.  Such  

a restraint was requisite and, more so, when number of

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writ petitions had been transferred to this Court and the  

Court was dealing with a batch of 115 matters.

13. The writ  petitions filed before this Court and the  

transferred cases were decided on 18.7.2013 whereby the  

majority came to hold that the Medical Council of India is  

not  empowered under the Medical  Council  of  India Act,  

1956 to conduct the NEET.  After so holding the majority  

directed as follows: -

“163. The  Transferred  Cases  and  the  Writ  Petitions are, therefore, allowed and the impugned  Notifications Nos. MCI-31(1)/2010-MED/49068, and  MCI.18(1)/2010-MED/49070,  both  dated  21st  December, 2010, published by the Medical Council  of  India  along with  Notification  Nos.  DE-22-2012  dated  31st May,  2012,  published  by  the  Dental  Council  of  India  and  the  amended  Regulations  sought to be implemented thereunder along with  Notification  Nos.  DE-22-2012  dated  31st May,  2012, published by the Dental Council of India, are  hereby quashed.  This will not, however, invalidate  actions  so  far  as  taken  under  the  amended  Regulations,  including  the  admissions  already  given on the basis of the NEET conducted by the  Medical  Council  of  India,  the  Dental  Council  of  India  and other  private medical  institutions,  and  the same shall be valid for all purposes.”

[Emphasis added]

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14. After the judgment was pronounced, some kind of  

infantile wisdom which may, in different terminology, be  

called  depraved  sense  of  egocentric  knowledge,  the  

Additional  Secretary  (Health)   had  conveyed  the  

Government’s  decision  dated  25.7.2013   which  is  as  

under: -

“The Dean Goa Medical College, Bambolim-Goa

Sub: Decision of the Government regarding  Admission to Post Graduate Degree/Diploma Cources at GMC.

I  am  directed  to  refer  to  your  letter  No.  Acad/175/G.M.C./2013/441  dt.  23.7.2013  on  the  subject cited above and to convey the decision of  the  Government  to  admit  the  students  for  Post  Graduate  Degree/Diploma  based  on  aggregate  MBBS marks,  as per existing rules as notified in  the Official Gazette Series I No. 50 and Series I No.  51, Notification No. I/B/2033-II/PHD.

Provisional  admissions given on the basis  of  the  NEET merit earlier thus stands cancelled.”

[Underlining is ours] 15. This  wise  act  of  the  State  Government  can  

irrefragably be compared with “absence of common sense  

in an uncommon degree”.

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16. When  the  writ  petitions  came  before  the  High  

Court on 25.7.2013, it passed the following order: -

“Mr.  Nadkarni,  learned  Advocate  General  appearing  on  behalf  of  respondents  No.  1  to  5  states that in view of the decision of the Supreme  Court dated 18/07/2013 in T.C. (C) No. 98 of 2012  and  allied  matters,  the  State  Government  has  decided  to  follow  its  decision  dated  15/06/2013  and  grant  admissions  in  terms  of  the  State  Regulations.

In view of the statement made by the learned  Advocate  General,  Mr.  Lotlikar,  learned  Senior  Counsel  seeks  leave  to  withdraw  the  petition,  which  is  objected  to  by  the  learned  counsel  appearing  on  behalf  of  the  private  respondents.  Before granting leave to withdraw the petition, we  deem it appropriate to hear the respondents.

We also direct the State Government to place  on record the decision taken by it to go by the said  regulations by filing an Affidavit of a responsible  officer.   The  Affidavit  to  be  filed  by  29/07/2013  with  advance  copies  to  the  learned  counsel  appearing  for  the  petitioners  as  well  as  the  respondents.”

17. After  the  aforesaid  event,  chaos  ruled.   The  

candidates,  who had qualified  in  the  NEET examination  

and  had  been  admitted,  were  compelled  to  leave  the  

college  and  the  students  who  had  qualified  under  the  

Rules  were  admitted.   The  dissatisfaction  impelled  the

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grieved students to approach this Court under Article 32  

of the Constitution and the Court on 30.7.2013 stayed the  

order of the State Government and thereafter on 7.8.2013  

passed  a  mandatory  order  to  the  effect  that  the  

petitioners shall be permitted to continue their studies.   

18. The thrust of the matter is whether the petitioners  

have any right to continue or the respondents who have  

been  admitted  under  the  Rules  have  the  right  of  

admission.

19. Mr. R.F. Nariman, learned senior counsel appearing  

for the petitioners, would urge with immense vehemence  

that the State of Goa had consciously accepted the NEET  

examination  for  the  purpose  of  admission  to  post  

graduate courses and, hence, it  cannot be permitted to  

take a somersault.  That apart, submits the learned senior  

counsel, in view of the protection granted by this Court in  

its final judgment, which protects their admissions, their  

rights  could  not  have  been  demolished  in  such  an  

irrational manner.  

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20. Mr. Singh, learned senior counsel appearing for the  

State  of  Goa,  would  submit  that  NEET  having  been  

declared ultra vires, the acceptance or non-acceptance by  

the State Government has to pale into insignificance.  He  

would further submit that the State Government, keeping  

the High Court order  in view wherein it  was mentioned  

that admission should be provisional, had issued the order  

of cancellation of the admissions given to the successful  

NEET candidates.   

21. We have already reproduced paragraph 163 of the  

judgment pronounced by this Court in Christian Medical  

College, Vellore (supra) on 18.7.2013.  The majority has  

unequivocally  stated  that  the  quashment  of  the  

notifications shall not invalidate the action already taken  

under the amended regulations including the admissions  

already  given  on  the  basis  of  NEET  conducted  by  the  

Medical Council of India and the Dental Council of India.  

There is  no cavil  over  the fact  that  the petitioners had  

qualified  and taken admissions.   The High  Court  by  its  

order  dated  20.6.2013  directed  to  hold  counselling  in

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respect  of  both  the  categories  of  students  and  permit  

admissions to the students who have passed NEET subject  

to further orders that may be passed by it depending upon  

the order passed by the Apex Court in the matter pending  

before  it.   As  per  the  direction  of  the  High  Court  the  

selected  candidates  are  to  be  put  on  notice  that  the  

admissions are provisional in nature and shall be subject  

to further orders that may be passed by the High Court.  

The  High  Court  should  not  have  entertained  the  writ  

petition on three counts, namely, (i) all the writ petitions  

challenging the notification from all the High Courts had  

been transferred to this Court; (ii) that the Court had been  

passing interim orders from time to time; and (iii) that any  

order passed by it had the potentiality to usher in some  

kind of anomaly.  What the High Court would have done  

while finally adjudicating the matter is another issue but  

on  the  basis  of  the  decision  taken  by  the  State  

Government on 25.7.2013, possibly the learned Advocate  

General made a statement before the Court on 25.7.2013.

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22. Mr.  Singh,  learned  senior  counsel,  would  submit  

that  all  admissions  being  provisional,  as  stated  by  the  

High Court,  the State Government after interpreting the  

orders thought it apposite that the admissions given on  

the base of ranks in NEET should be cancelled and the  

admissions  given  under  the  Rules  should  be  sustained.  

We have already stated how the Government has taken  

the decision.  Though we have stated that the High Court  

should not have entertained and passed any order, yet we  

are obliged to state that the order of the High Court is also  

quite clear to the effect that interim order was subject to  

further orders that may be passed by it depending upon  

the order passed by this Court.  Thus, the order passed by  

the High Court was a guarded one.  This Court in the final  

judgment had not invalidated the actions taken under the  

amended  regulations  and  it  included  the  admissions  

already given on the basis of the NEET conducted by the  

Medical Council of India.  Therefore, there could not have  

been any  scintilla  of  doubt  in  any  one’s  mind that  the  

admissions given on the basis of NEET examination had

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been protected by this Court and hence, their admissions  

could not have been cancelled by the State Government.   

23. It is really perplexing that the State Government in  

spite  of  the  order  of  this  Court  took  a  decision  on  

25.7.2013 to cancel  the provisional admissions given to  

the students on the basis of NEET merit examination.  The  

act  indubitably  shows  total  lack  of  prudence.   The  

authorities in the Government are required to understand  

that  the basic  governance consists  in  the  act  of  taking  

considered, well vigilant, appropriate and legal decisions.  

It is the sacrosanct duty of the Government to follow the  

law and the pronouncements of the court and not to take  

recourse to such subterfuges.   The Government should  

have reminded itself the saying of Benjamin Disraeli:

“I repeat – that all power is a trust – that we are  accountable for its exercise – that, from the people  and for the people, all springs, and all must exist.”  

24. It may not be out of place to state here that every  

public authority has a duty coupled with power.  Before  

exercising the power  one is  required to understand the  

object of such power and the conditions in which the same

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is to be exercised.  Similarly, when one performs public  

duty he has to remain alive to the legal position and not  

be oblivious of it.   In this context,  we may refer to the  

authority in  Superintending Engineer, Public Health,  

U.T.  Chandigarh and others  v.  Kuldeep Singh and  

others5 wherein  the  Court  has  reproduced  the  

observations of Farl Cairns L.C. in the House of Lords in  

Julius  v.  Lord  Bishop  of  Oxford6 which  was  quoted with  

approval  by  this  Court  in  Commissioner  of  Police,  

Bombay v. Gordhandas Bhanji7.  The succinctly stated  

passage reads thus: -

“There may be something in the nature of the  thing  empowered  to  be  done,  something  in  the  object for which it is to be done, something in the  conditions under which it is to be done, something  in  the  title  of  the  person  or  persons  for  whose  benefit  the power is to be exercised, which may  couple  the  power  with  a  duty,  and  make  it  the  

5

(1997) 9 SCC 199

6

(1880) 5 A.C. 214

7

AIR 1952 SC 16

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duty of the person in whom the power is reposed,  to exercise that power when called upon to do so.”

But,  unfortunately,  here  the  authorities  of  the  State  

Government have felt  courageous enough to play possum  

and proceeded to crucify the fate of the candidates who had  

been protected by the verdict of this Court.  Such an action  

is absolutely impermissible.  Thus analysed the letter dated  

25.7.2013 deserves to be lancinated and we so do.  The writ  

petitioners,  who  have  been  admitted  on  the  basis  of  the  

NEET  examination,  shall  be  allowed  to  prosecute  their  

studies.

25. The agony and woe do not end here.  The anguish  

of the students who were admitted on the basis of the  

Rules,  in  our  considered  opinion,  deserves  to  be  

addressed.   True it  is,  they instead of  approaching this  

Court knocked at the doors of the High Court, may be in  

anxiety, as the counselling for the candidates qualified in  

the NEET examination had commenced.  By virtue of the  

order of the High Court they got provisional admissions.  

They have prosecuted their studies for some time.  Had

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the  NEET  not  been  introduced,  they  would  have  been  

admitted under the Rules.  But, presently the situation is  

totally different.  With the intention to solve the problem  

we had directed issue of notice to the Medical Council of  

India.  Mr. Amit Kumar, learned counsel appearing for the  

Medical Council of India, has invited our attention to the  

pronouncements of this Court in  K.S. Bhoir  v.  State of  

Maharashtra and others8, Faiza Choudhary  v.  State  

of  Jammu  and  Kashmir  and  another9,  Satyabrata  

Sahoo and others v. State of Orissa and others10 and  

Medical Council of India  v.  State of Karnataka and  

others11.  Learned counsel has drawn colossal inspiration  

8

(2001) 10 SCC 264

9

(2012) 10 SCC 149

10

(2012) 8 SCC 203

11

(1998) 6 SCC 131

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from  the  pronouncements  in  Satyabrata  Sahoo and  

Faiza Choudhary (supra).   

26. In  Satyabrata  Sahoo,  a  two-Judge  Bench  has  

stated thus: -

“This Court in  State of Punjab v.  Renuka Singla12  held  that  the  High  Court  or  the  Supreme Court  cannot  be  generous  or  liberal  in  issuing  such  directions which in substance amount to directing  the  authorities  concerned  to  violate  their  own  statutory  rules  and  regulations,  in  respect  of  admissions  of  students.  Technical  education,  including  medical  education,  requires  infrastructure  to  cope  with  the  requirement  of  giving proper education to the students, who are  admitted.  Taking  into  consideration  the  infrastructure, equipment and staff, the limit of the  number  of  admissions  is  fixed  by  the  Medical  Council of India.

Thereafter, the learned Judges proceeded to state thus:-

“….in  Medical  Council  of  India v.  State  of  Karnataka this  Court  held  that  the  number  of  students admitted cannot be over and above that  fixed by the Medical Council as per the Regulations  and  that  seats  in  medical  colleges  cannot  be  increased  indiscriminately  without  regard  to  proper infrastructure as per the Regulations of the  Medical Council.”  

12

(1994) 1 SCC 175

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27. In  Faiza Choudhary (supra)  a  two-Judge  Bench  

has ruled thus: -

“In  Medical Council of India v.  State of Karnataka  this  Court  held  that  the  number  of  students  admitted cannot be over and above that fixed by  the  Medical  Council  as  per  the  Regulations  and  that  seats  in  the  medical  colleges  cannot  be  increased  indiscriminately  without  regard  to  proper infrastructure as per the Regulations of the  Medical  Council.  In  Medical  Council  of  India v.  Madhu Singh13,  this Court held that there cannot  be telescoping of unfilled seats of one year with  permitted seats of the subsequent year. Recently,  this Court in  Satyabrata Sahoo v.  State of Orissa  has  reiterated  that  it  would  not  be  possible  to  increase  seats  at  the  expense  of  candidates  waiting for admission in the succeeding years.”

28. From  the  aforesaid  decisions  two  principles  

emerge: (i) that there cannot be direction for increase of  

seats and (ii) there cannot be telescoping of unfilled seats  

of one year with permitted seats of the subsequent years.

29. At this juncture, we may refer with profit to Priya  

Gupta v. State of Chhattisgarh and others14, wherein  

13

(2002) 7 SCC 258

14

(2012) 7 SCC 433

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the Court had issued directions under Article 142 of the  

Constitution permitting the appellants therein to complete  

the course.

30. The  factual  matrix  of  the  present  case,  being  

totally exceptional, compels us to exercise our jurisdiction  

under Article 142 of the Constitution to issue a direction  

so that it can act as a palliative at least for some of the  

students who had been given admissions under the Rules.  

We  have  been  apprised  by  Mr.  Singh,  learned  senior  

counsel  for  the  State  and  Ms.  Indu  Malhotra,  learned  

senior counsel for the private respondents, that 21 seats  

of All  India quota in postgraduate medical course and 7  

seats in dental course have been transferred to the State  

quota.  Mr. Amit Kumar, learned counsel for the Medical  

Council of India, while not disputing the numbers, would  

submit  that  they  are  to  be  filled  up  on  different  

parameters.   We  are  absolutely  conscious  of  the  said  

position.   However,  regard  being  had  to  the  special  

features of the case and the litigations that have cropped  

up  and  the  mistake  that  the  State  Government  has

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committed,  we  are  inclined  to  direct  that  21  seats  

transferred  to  the  State  quota  shall  be  filled  up  from  

among the students who had taken admissions under the  

2004 Rules.  It needs no special emphasis to state that the  

admissions and the allocations of the stream shall be on  

their inter se merit as per the Rules.  We may hasten to  

clarify that none of these candidates shall be allowed to  

encroach  upon  the  streams  that  have  already  been  

allotted to the petitioners who were admitted having been  

qualified in the NEET examination.  We have been further  

apprised at the Bar that there are some unfilled seats as  

some students  have  left  the  College.   If  the  vacancies  

have occurred, the same can also be filled up regard being  

had to the merit as stipulated under the Rules.

31. We will be failing in our duty if we do not take note  

of two submissions put forth by the learned counsel for  

the State as well as by Ms. Indu Malhotra, learned senior  

counsel for the private respondents.  The first one is to the  

effect that there should be increase of the seats for the  

academic  year  2013-14  and  the  students  should  be

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adjusted.   Be  it  noted,  an  application  was  filed  by  the  

College for enhancement of seats for 2014-15 and during  

the pendency of this petition there has been a request to  

the  Medical  Council  of  India  to  prepone it  for  the  year  

2013-14.  Enhancement of seats requires inspection and is  

controlled by a set of Regulations and, in any case, the  

application  for  2014-15  cannot  be  directed  to  be  

processed in the current year.

32. The next submission relates to the issue whether  

the students who cannot be adjusted in the seats of All  

India quota that have been transferred to the State quota  

of this year can be adjusted next year.  During the course  

of hearing though there was some debate with regard to  

giving  of  admissions  to  such  students  in  the  academic  

year 2014-15,  Mr.  Amit Kumar, learned counsel for the  

Medical Council of India, has seriously opposed the same  

and, thereafter, has cited the authorities which we have  

referred  to  hereinbefore.   We  are  bound  by  the  said  

precedents.   In  certain  individual  cases  where  there  is  

defective counselling and merit has become a casualty,

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this  Court  has  directed  for  adjustment  in  the  next  

academic session but in the case at hand, it is not exactly  

so.  Though we are at pains, yet we must express that it  

will not be appropriate to issue directions to adjust them  

in  respect  of  the subsequent  academic  year,  for  taking  

recourse to the same would affect the other meritorious  

candidates who would be aspirant to get admissions next  

year.   For  doing  equity  to  some in  presenti  we cannot  

afford to do injustice to others in future.  Therefore, the  

submission stands repelled.

33. The writ petition is accordingly disposed of with no  

order as to costs.

………………..……………J. [Anil R. Dave]

………………..……………J. [Dipak Misra]

New Delhi; August 30, 2013.