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REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1845 OF 2017 (ARISING OUT OF SLP (CRIMINAL) NO. 4073 OF 2017)

SENIOR MANAGER (P&D),RIICO LTD.  APPELLANT

VERSUS

THE STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ANR            RESPONDENTS     

J U D G M E N T

ASHOK BHUSHAN J.   

This appeal has been filed against judgment dated

07.02.2017  of  Rajasthan High  Court  dismissing  Single  Bench

Criminal Miscellaneous Petition which was filed by the

appellant questioning the judgment dated 22.07.2011 of

Additional Sessions Judge dismissing the Criminal Revision

Petition preferred by the appellant.  

2. The facts giving rise to this appeal disclose several

stages of litigation arising out of First Information Report

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lodged by appellant dated 29.04.1992 under Section 420 IPC.

3. The brief facts of the case necessary to be noted for

deciding this appeal are:  

A letter dated 10.04.1992 was purported to be issued by

Regional Manager, RIICO, Sriganganagar to the Respondent No. 2

M/s. Kanha Refined Oil and Vanaspati Pvt. Ltd. through Ravi

Setia(Partner). The appellant who was working as Regional

Manager and had allegedly signed the above letter when came to

know about the letter dated 10.04.1992, he asked Respondent

No. 2 on 23.04.1992 to produce the original copy of the letter

within 24 hours. The letter was not produced before the office

of Respondent No. 2 rather on 27.04.1992 the letter was

produced by his counsel in Suit Case No. 2/84 titled M/s.

Kanha Refined Oil and Vanaspati Pvt. Ltd. Vs. RIICO Limited.

On 29.04.1992 the appellant filed a First Information Report

No. 184 under Section 420 IPC alleging that on 10.04.1992 a

letter has been forged by Respondent No. 2 and got it

dispatched from the office by a Class IV employee, Raghuvir

Singh on 10.04.1992. It is alleged that by playing fraud,

forged and bogus document has been prepared by Respondent No.

2 hence, offence under Sections 467, 468 and 471 IPC are made

out. FIR was registered under Section 420. A Final Report was

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submitted by the Inspector, Police Station Kotwali. In the

Final Report, it was mentioned that since the letter dated

10.04.1992 has been filed in   Case No. 2/84, in view of

provisions of Section 195(1)(b)(ii) Cr.P.C. the police cannot

investigate the matter. The Final Report was accepted by the

Chief Judicial Magistrate by order dated 22.05.1998, relying

on Section 195(1)(b)(ii) Cr.P.C. The appellant filed a

Criminal  Revision  before  the  Additional Sessions  Judge  who

vide his order dated 01.05.2000 set aside the order of Chief

Judicial Magistrate and remanded the matter. The Trial Court

passed a fresh order granting opportunity of hearing to the

complainant. The Chief Judicial Magistrate after the remand

again relying on Section 195(1)(b)(ii) Cr.P.C. held that

letter having been filed in civil suit, cognizance cannot be

taken. The Protest Petition was dismissed and Final Report was

accepted. The Criminal Revision was filed by the appellant

challenging the order dated 12.03.2003. The Revisional Court

held that the provision of Section 195(1)(b)(ii) Cr.P.C. is

not applicable to the facts of the present case. The

Revisional Court has placed reliance on the judgment of this

court in Sachida Nand Singh & Anr. Vs. State of Bihar & Anr.,

(1998) 2 SCC 493, where it was held that when the document

before producing in the Court has been prepared in a forged

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manner, provision of Section 195(1)(b)(ii) Cr.P.C. cannot be

made applicable. The Revisional Court set aside the order of

subordinate court and directed the court below to pass an

order  in accordance with law, on  the basis of evidence

available on file.  

4. Operative portion of the judgment is as follows:  

"ORDER  

Hence, by allowing the Revision of the Revisionist, the order dated 12.03.2003 is hereby  set­aside and Subordinate Court is hereby ordered that it shall pass an order afresh in accordance with law, on the basis of evidence available on file and after granting opportunity of hearing to the Complainant. The Case File shall be produced before the Subordinate Court on 08.08.2003.”

5. After the order of Revisional Court, the Chief Judicial

Magistrate again considered the matter and by order dated

20.06.2009 rejected the Protest Petition of appellant. The

Chief Judicial Magistrate noticed the order of the

Revisional Court that benefit of      Section 195(1)(b)(ii)

Cr.P.C. can not be granted to the accused in the present

case.  The Chief Judicial Magistrate did not rely on Section

195(1)(b)(ii) Cr.P.C. rather looking to the materials on

record came to the conclusion that  prima  facie  case of

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forged document and playing fraud have not been made out

against the accused. Aggrieved against the order dated

20.06.2009, a Revision Application was also filed before the

Court of Additional Sessions Judge by the appellant which

has been dismissed on 22.07.2011. The order dated 22.07.2011

was challenged before the High Court by filing a petition

under Section 482 Cr.P.C. which has been dismissed by the

High Court on 07.02.2017 which order is under challenge in

this appeal.  

6. Dr. Manish Singhvi, learned counsel for the appellant

submitted that in the present case the forged letter dated

10.04.1992 was filed in Civil Court on 27.04.1992 that is

subsequent to letter having been forged. The provisions of

Section 195(1)(b)(ii) Cr.P.C. were not attracted and there was

no prohibition in law in taking cognizance of the offence. He

submitted that the Respondent No. 2 was the beneficiary of the

letter which was addressed to him hence the courts below ought

to have taken cognizance of the offence. He submitted that

Courts below committed error in not taking cognizance of the

offence.  

7. Learned Counsel appearing for Respondent No. 2 refuting

the submission of counsel for the appellant contended that

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present is a case where there is no issue pertaining to

Section 195(1)(b)(ii) Cr.P.C. He submitted that learned Chief

Judicial Magistrate in his order dated 20.06.2009 has not

dismissed the Protest Petition on the ground of bar of Section

195(1)(b)(ii) Cr.P.C. rather has after considering the

evidence on record held that no prima facie case has been made

out against the Respondent No. 2 for taking cognizance of the

offence. He further submitted that from the evidence on

record, it is clear that letter was dispatched from the office

of Regional Manager and it has further come on record that a

Class IV employee Shri Raghuvir Singh of the office has

dispatched the letter. He submitted that there is no material

on record to even prima facie suggest that the Respondent No.

2 is involved in forging the letter. He submitted that the

courts below after considering the materials have rightly come

to the conclusion that no case has been made out to allow the

Protest Petition filed by the appellant.  

8. We have considered the submissions of the learned counsel

for the parties and have perused the record.  In so far as,

submission of the appellant regarding   Section 195(1)(b)(ii)

Cr.P.C. the law is not well settled by the Constitution Bench

judgment that Section 195(1)(b)(ii) Cr.P.C. would be attracted

only when the offences enumerated in the said provision have

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been committed with respect to a document after it has been

produced or given in evidence in a proceeding in any court.

The Constitution Bench in  Iqbal Singh Marwah & Anr. Vs.

Meenakshi Marwah & Anr., (2005) 4 SCC 370 in para 33 & 34 had

held:

“33. In view of the discussion made above, we are of the opinion that Sachida Nand Singh (1998) 2 SCC 493 has been correctly decided and the view taken therein is the correct view. Section 195(1)(b)(ii) CrPC would be attracted only when the offences enumerated in the said provision have been committed with respect to a document after it has been produced or given in evidence in a proceeding in any court i.e. during the time when the document was in custodia legis.

34. In the present case, the Will has been produced in the court subsequently. It is nobody's case that any offence as enumerated in Section 195(1)(b)(ii) was committed in respect to the said Will after it had been produced or filed in the Court of District Judge. Therefore, the bar created by Section 195(1)(b) (ii) CrPC would not come into play and there is no embargo on the power of the court to take cognizance of the offence on the basis of the complaint filed by the respondents. The view taken by the learned Additional Sessions Judge and the High Court is perfectly correct and calls for no interference.”

9. Reverting to the facts of the present case, present is a

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case where letter dated 10.04.1992 is claimed to be a forged

letter not signed by appellant. From the materials on record,

it is clear that the said letter dated 10.04.1992 was filed

before the Court on 27.04.1992 in Case No. 2/84. There is no

case that forgery was committed after the letter was filed in

the Court.   Thus, provision under Section 195(1)(b)(ii)

Cr.P.C. was not attracted.   A perusal of the Final Report

which was submitted by Inspector, Police Station Kotwali, it

is clear that the Inspector after conducting an investigation

ultimately  concluded  that  in  view  of  Section  195(1)(b)(ii)

Cr.P.C. Police cannot investigate the matter. The Final Report

is filed as Annexure P.4.  A perusal of which also indicates

that the Inspector, obtained the Original Letter dated

10.04.1992 from the Case No. 2/84 and had sent writing of the

undisputed  script and specimen script of appellant to

handwriting expert and opinion was obtained that signatures of

S.K. Sharma on letter dated 10.04.1992 was forged.

10. After the remand by Revisional Court on 01.05.2000, the

Chief Judicial Magistrate in his order dated 12.03.2003 again

relied on Section 195(1)(b)(ii) Cr.P.C. for coming to the

conclusion that cognizance cannot be taken. Criminal Revision

was filed against the said order before the Revisional Court

and Revisional Court  vide  its judgment dated 21.07.2003 has

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decided the issue of Section 195(1)(b)(ii) Cr.P.C. The

Revisional Court held that the provisions of Section 195(1)(b)

(ii) Cr.P.C. are not attracted.   The Revisional Court  vide

its order dated 21.07.2003 set aside the order of Subordinate

Court and directed the Subordinate Court to pass a fresh order

in accordance with law after considering the evidence on file

on merit. Subsequent the order passed by the Revisional Court,

matter was not carried on any further for the accused. Thus,

the issue of Section 195(1)(b)(ii) Cr.P.C. came to an end in

favour of the appellant. The order of Chief Judicial

Magistrate dated 20.06.2009 as well as the Revisional Court

dated 22.07.2011, does not rely on Section 195(1)(b)(ii)

Cr.P.C. for rejecting the Protest Petition of the appellant.

Thus, the submission on the basis of   Section 195(1)(b)(ii)

Cr.P.C. are not relevant for deciding the present appeal. In

fact submission raised on behalf of the complainant pertaining

to non­applicability of Section 195(1)(b)(ii) Cr.P.C. has been

accepted by the Courts below as already noted above. Thus, no

benefit can be availed by appellant on the strength of above

submission.  

11. The Chief Judicial Magistrate in his order dated

20.06.2009 as well as the Revisional Court has considered the

material on record and came to the conclusion that no  prima

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facie  case is made out against the accused that he has

committed any forgery or played any fraud in forging the

document. The Chief Judicial Magistrate has also referred to

the Report No. 37/97.   The Revisional Court also after

considering all the submissions of appellant have dismissed

the Revision on merits. It is useful to refer to the following

observations of Revisional Court:

“According to the aforesaid offensive elements the Revisionist during the course of investigation in his statements recorded under Section 161 Cr. P.C. has only stated that Ravi Setia in order to play fraud prepared the letter by committing forgery, whereas the Junior Accountant Atar Singh in the office of the Revisionist has stated during his statements dated 19.05.1992 that the alleged letter dated 10.04.1992 has not been dispatched by him, rather it has been dispatched by the Assistant Employee Raghuvir Singh. In this way in the context of the writing of said letter, it was necessary to send the writing of the Class IV Employee Raghuvir Singh to the Handwriting Expert at FSL. Further, the FSL in its Report No. 37/97 dated 31.01.1998 has given this conclusion that the specimen signatures of the Revisionist and disputed signatures upon matching mark Q­1 and Q­2 have been stated to be forged one. But in this conclusion it has also been mentioned that it has not been established as to these signatures are of whom and these signatures would have made by Ravi Setia. In this way letter the letter dated 10.04.1992 would have prepared by the Respondent No. 2 in a forged manner, at this stage, it has not become clear in any manner. Therefore, at

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this stage, there is no ground available for taking cognizance against the Respondent No. 2 under Section 467, 468 and 471 I.P.C.”

 12. The above order of the Revisional Court was challenged

before the High Court and High Court also came to the

conclusion that no evidence is available on record to suggest

that letter dated 10.04.1992 was prepared by Respondent No. 2.

The High Court held that no illegality can be found in the

order of Revisional Court. Although, the Final Report was

submitted as noted above on the ground relying on Section

195(1)(b)(ii) Cr.P.C. but before submitting the report

investigation was conducted by the Inspector, Police Station

Kotwali and the materials collected during the investigation

were all referred to in the Final Report.  Holding that the

Section 195(1)(b)(ii) Cr.P.C. is not attracted in the present

case, the Revisional Court vide its judgment dated 21.07.2003

has directed the court below to pass an order in accordance

with law on the basis of evidence available.  Hence, the Chief

Judicial Magistrate looked into the material on record and

came to conclusion that there are no sufficient material for

taking cognizance against the accused.  

13. High Court also took the same view, in which we do not

find any infirmity. In view of the forgoing discussion, we do

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not find any merit in this appeal.  The appeal is dismissed,

accordingly.  

..........................J. ( A.K. SIKRI )

..........................J. NEW DELHI,     ( ASHOK BHUSHAN ) NOVEMBER 03, 2017.