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REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL     APPEAL     No.     7597       of     2012   (Arising out of SLP (Civil) 6521/2007)

PRADEEP KUMAR SHARMA              … Appellant

Versus

U.P.F.C. RAJPUR ROAD, DEHRADUN & ORS                 … Respondents

WITH

CIVIL     APPEAL     No.     7598      of     2012   (Arising out of SLP (Civil) 11835/2007)

J      U      D      G     M      E      N     T   

RANJAN     GOGOI,     J   

Leave granted.

2. Both the appeals are directed against the judgment and final order  

dated 05.12.2006 passed by the High Court of Uttaranchal in Crl. Misc. Writ  

Petition No. 196 of 2003 (M/B).   

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3. A recital of the facts stated by the appellant Uttar Pradesh Finance  

Corporation (UPFC) in the appeal filed by it would suffice for the purpose of  

the adjudication that is required to be made in the present appeals.

4. A term loan of Rs. 4.55 lacs was sanctioned by the UPFC to one M/s.  

Sangam Ice Cream (hereinafter shall be referred to as the borrower), a  

proprietorship concern owned by one, Smt. Nisha Devi Jaiswal.  To secure  

the repayment of the aforesaid loan together with the interest due thereon, the  

borrower had created an equitable mortgage, by deposit of title deeds, of land  

measuring 192.34 sq. meter or 0.048 acres bearing Khasra No. 496 along  

with the constructions standing thereon located at Mauza Niranjanpur,  

Pargana Kendriya Doon Tehsil and District Dehradun.   

5. After sanction of the aforesaid loan, the borrower availed a part thereof  

but defaulted in payment of the installments due. As such default became  

chronic and persistent, the UPFC invoking its power under Section 29 of the  

State Financial Corporation Act, issued notice dated 20.12.1994, calling upon  

the borrower to clear all the dues failing which recovery of proceedings  

including sale of mortgaged property was contemplated.    As despite the said  

Notice the dues of the Corporation remained unpaid an advertisement was  

issued in the newspaper “Doon Darpan”  on 22.09.1996 for sale of the  

mortgaged property.  The Corporation, however, did not receive any suitable  

offer pursuant to the advertisement issued.  The fresh second advertisement,  

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nevertheless, came to be issued only in the edition of “Amar Ujala”  on  

20.10.2002.   It appears that, in the meantime, the sole proprietor of the  

borrower firm, Smt. Nisha Devi Jaiswal, executed a sale deed in respect of  

the land in favour of two other persons, i.e. Deepak Kumar Bishnoi and Smt.  

Sarita Rani, who, in turn, sold the said property to one Vishnu Dutt Sharma by  

sale deed dated 29.08.2001.

6. Pursuant to the second advertisement dated 20.10.2002 published in  

the edition of Amal Ujala, one Pradeep Kumar Sharma submitted his offer of  

Rs. 4.50 lacs along with a bank draft of Rs. 50,000/- as earnest money.  The  

UPFC issued another advertisement in the edition of “Dainik Jagaran” dated  

01.11.2002 indicating a price offered by Pradeep Kumar Sharma for the  

property in question and calling upon the borrower / members of the public to  

submit their better offer, if any.   Evidently, there was no response to the  

aforesaid advertisement dated 01.11.2002 published in the “Dainik Jagaran”.  

Therefore on 31.12.2002, the Corporation accorded its approval for the sale  

of the land in favour of Shri Pradeep Kumar Sharma and on 14.01.2003, a  

deposit of another sum of Rs. 1.75 lacs was made by the aforesaid Pradeep  

Kumar Sharma. On 27.02.2003, the balance amount of the offered price i.e.  

Rs.2.25 lacs was tendered to the Corporation.    

7. While the matter was so situated, Vishnu Dutt Sharma who had  

purchased the property by the sale deed dated 29.08.2001 instituted a suit,  

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i.e. O.S. 75/2003 contending that on 06.02.2003, while he and his family  

members were away, possession of the property in question was taken over  

by the Corporation.   Restoration of possession was the principal relief prayed  

for in the aforesaid suit. Thereafter, stating that from the written statement  

filed in the suit by the Corporation it transpired that the property purchased by  

him (Vishnu Dutt Sharma) stood mortgaged in favour of the Corporation on  

account of a loan taken by the original owner thereof and that pursuant to the  

said Notice published in the newspaper “Dainik Jagaran” dated 20.10.2002,  

the property had been purchased by one Pradeep Kumar Sharma, a Writ  

Petition was filed impleading the UPFC and its Managing Director as the first  

and second respondents, Deepak Kumar Bisnoi and Sarita Rani as the third  

and fourth respondents and the purchaser Pradeep Kumar Sharma as the  

fifth respondent.   

8. In the said Writ Petition, the prayer made was for quashing of the sale  

made in favour of the fifth respondent and for transfer of the property to the  

writ petitioner and further for restoration of possession of the same.  The High  

Court while entertaining the Writ Petition passed an interim order dated  

28.05.2003 permitting the writ petitioner Vishnu Dutt sharma to make a  

deposit of Rs. 5 lacs in which event it was directed that the “accommodation  

in question shall be handed over to the petitioner subject to further orders of  

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this court.”  By the said order, the High Court also directed that the sale deed  

will not be executed in favour of the fifth respondent Pradeep Kumar Sharma.

9.  The writ proceeding before the High Court of Uttaranchal was contested by  

the UPFC as well as by the purchaser i.e. the fifth respondent, Pradeep  

Kumar Sharma.   The Corporation had taken a specific stand before the High  

Court that the sale in favour of fifth respondent was finalized by the  

Corporation and the entire offered price was tendered by the fifth respondent.  

The Corporation had also contended that the property being subject to an  

equitable mortgage by deposit of title deeds could not have been validly  

transferred by the mortgager/ original owner i.e. Nisha Devi Jaiswal to the  

third and fourth respondents in the Writ Petition and in turn the said  

respondents could not have transferred the property in favour of the fifth  

respondent so long as the mortgage subsisted.   

10. Thereafter, by the impugned final order of the High Court dated  

05.12.2006, the Writ Petition was disposed of by directing the UPFC to  

withdraw the amount of Rs. 5 lacs deposited in the High Court by the writ  

petitioner, Vishnu Dutt Sharma, and out of the said amount to repay the fifth  

respondent, Pradeep Kumar Sharma, the amount of Rs.4.50 paid by him to  

the Corporation along with 9% interest thereon.   Specifically, the High Court  

in its order dated 05.12.2006 had ordered that the sale made in favour of fifth  

respondent, which had not been confirmed, stood cancelled.   Aggrieved by  

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the aforesaid order, two separate appeals have been filed by the UPFC and  

the fifth respondent in the Writ Petition i.e.  Pradeep Kumar Sharma.  The writ  

petitioner, Vishnu Dutt Sharma, is the principal respondent in both the  

appeals.

11. We have heard Ms. Madhu Tewatia, learned counsel for the appellant –  

fifth respondent and Mr. Shrish Kumar Misra, learned counsel for the  

appellant Corporation. We have also heard Shri Naresh Kaushik and Shri  

Akshay Verma, learned counsel for the respondents.  

12. The detailed recital made hereinabove clearly indicates that the  

property in question was duly advertised for sale pursuant whereto the fifth  

respondent had offered the highest amount.  On acceptance of the said offer  

by the UPFC, the entire amount was paid and the sale was confirmed by the  

Corporation.   No sale deed was however executed by the Corporation in  

favour of the fifth respondent.  It also appears that before the property was put  

up for sale by the Corporation, the original owner, Smt. Nisha Devi Jaiswal  

had sold the same to the third and fourth respondents, who, in turn, had sold  

the same to the writ petitioner by sale deed dated 29.08.2001.  The aforesaid  

sale by the original owners to the vendors of the writ petitioner and, thereafter,  

by said vendors to the petitioner himself was made when the property stood  

mortgaged in favour of the UPFC.   It is in the above circumstances, that the  

writ petitioner had approached the High court seeking interference with the  

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sale of the property made in favour of the fifth respondent pursuant to the  

advertisement dated 20.10.2002 issued by the UPFC and further for transfer  

of the property in favour of the writ petitioner besides restoration of  

possession thereof which was taken over by the Corporation.

13. The sale made by the UPFC in favour of the fifth respondent was in  

exercise of the statutory powers vested in the Corporation by Section 29 of  

the State Financial Corporation Act, 1951.  Under the aforesaid provisions of  

the Act default in re-payment of any loan by an industrial undertaking vests in  

the Financial Corporation the right to take over the management or  

possession or both of the industrial concern along with the right to transfer the  

property pledged, mortgaged, hypothecated or assigned to the Financial  

Corporation.  By virtue of sub-section (2) of Section 29 of the Act such  

transfer of property by the Corporation will vest in the transferee all rights in  

the property as if the transfer had been made by the owner thereof.

14. No serious issue either with regard to the validity of the exercise of the  

power under the Act or the manner of sale of the property by the  

Corporation pursuant to the advertisement dated 20.10.2002 had  

been raised in the Writ Petition.  What was contended before the High  

Court is that the Writ Petitioner, Vishnu Dutt Sharma, had purchased  

the property by sale deed dated 29.08.2001 without any knowledge or  

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information of the mortgage created by the original owner, Smt. Nisha  

Devi Jaiswal in favour of the Corporation and that the sale pursuant to  

the advertisement was also without notice to him.     A right to the  

property based on certain equitable principles was also claimed to  

strengthen which, the offer covered by the interim order of the High  

Court dated 28.05.2003 was made by the writ petitioner.

15.  The issues raised by the writ petitioner before the High court really  

pertained to the claim of better title of the writ petitioner to the property in  

question on the basis of the sale deed dated 29.08.2001.   The validity of the  

sale deed dated 29.08.2001 executed in favour of the writ petitioner by his  

vendors during the subsistence of the mortgage in favour of the Corporation  

and the rights of the fifth respondent to the said property on the basis of the  

sale made in his favour by the Corporation pursuant to the advertisement  

dated 20.10.2002 are the issues that arose in the Writ Petition.   Broad and  

expansive though the powers of the High Court under Article 226 may be,  

adjudication of the aforesaid questions, some of which also required proof of  

certain basic facts, in our view, was not appropriate in the domain of public  

law.  Though the High Court in its order dated 05.12.2006 did not expressly  

say so, the affect of the several directions issued by it, in fact, amounts to an  

adjudication of the issues outlined above.   

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16.    The essence of the dispute between the parties denuded the lis a public  

law character.  Nor was any issue arising out of public law functions of the  

State or its authorities involved.  In such a situation resort to the public law  

remedy should not have entertained by the High Court. (Vide Godavari  

Sugar Mills Ltd. vs. State of Maharashtra1). Even if the vindication of the  

writ petitioner’s rights under the sale deed dated 29.08.2001 is ignored and  

we are to proceed on the basis that the writ petitioner questioned the sale  

made by the Corporation, the writ petitioner would not be entitled to an  

adjudication of the rights of the parties inter se but at best to a judicial review  

of the administrative action  of the Corporation with regard to the sale made  

(Vide Kisan Sahkari Chini Mills Ltd. and ors. vs. Vardan Linkers and  

others2 )  But as already noticed neither the exercise of the statutory power  

under the Act by the Corporation in the matter of the sale of the property nor  

the process of the sale transaction was questioned in the Writ Petition either  

on account of lack of jurisdiction or abuse of authority. In the above facts, the  

High Court should have refused an adjudication of the Writ Petition and,  

instead, ought to have required the aggrieved parties to seek their remedies  

in an appropriate manner and before the competent civil forum.

1   (2011) 2 SCC 439 [para 8 (vi) ] 2 2008) 12 SCC 500 - para 23

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17. In view of the above discussions, we allow both the appeals and set  

aside the order dated 05.12.2006 passed by the High Court of Uttarakhand at  

Nainital.   

                                                                                 ...……………………J.                  [P SATHASIVAM]

                ………………………J.                  [RANJAN GOGOI]

New Delhi, October 19, 2012.      

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