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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION

WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO 673  OF 2017

MAJOR S D SINGH MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL & ANR        ..Petitioners  

VERSUS

UNION OF INDIA AND ORS      ..Respondents  

J U D G M E N T

Dr D Y CHANDRACHUD, J

1 The petitioner has called into question an order dated 31 May 2017 of

the Union government,  prohibiting it  from admitting students for the MBBS

REPORTABLE

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course during academic years 2017-18 and 2018-19 and authorizing Medical

Council of India (‘MCI’) to encash a bank guarantee of Rs 2 crores.   

2 During the pendency of these proceedings, by an order dated 11 August

2017, the Union government was directed to furnish an opportunity of being

heard to the petitioner and to pass a reasoned order by the end of August

2017.  Pursuant to the above directions, a fresh order has been passed on 30

August 2017 which has been called into question in I A No 85887 of 2017.

3 On 6 May 2011, MCI issued a letter of intent to the petitioner under

Section 10-A of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 (‘IMC Act’) for academic

year 2011-12.  The Union government issued a letter of permission on 28

June 2011, allowing the petitioner to admit 100 students for the MBBS degree

course.   For  academic years  2012-13,  2013-14 and 2014-15,  permissions

were granted to the petitioner on 22 June 2012, 5 June 2013 and 4 July 2014.

On 15 June 2015, the petitioner was declined permission to admit the fifth

batch of students for academic year 2015-16. MCI conducted an inspection of

the college on 2 March 2016  and on 6 and 7 April  2016.   The following

deficiencies were noticed :

1. “Deficiency of faculty is 70.75% as detailed in the report. 2. Shortage of Residents is 89.55% as detailed in the report. 3. Medical Superintendent Dr C S Aggarwal was not available

on both days of assessment.

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4. OPD attendance on day of  assessment  was  552 against requirement of 800.

5. Bed occupancy was 24.46% on day of assessment.

6. There was  NIL Major operation & 02 Minor operations on day of assessment.

7. There was  NIL Normal Delivery & NIL Caesarean Section on day of assessment.

8. CT Scan is not functional. 9. Workload of Special investigations like Ba, IVP was NIL on

day of assessment. 10.Radiological investigation workload is grossly inadequate. 11.Histopathology  workload  was  only  03  &  Cytopathological

workload was only 04 on day of assessment. 12.Labour Room: Labour Register is not available. There is no

sister i/c. 13.Radiodiagnosis Department: Only 2 mobile X-ray machines

are available against requirement of 4. Only 3 static X-ray machines  are  available  against  requirement  of  5.  Only  2 USG machines are available against requirement of 3.

14.OPD: Plaster room & Plaster Cutting Room are common. Cancer Detection clinic is non-functional.

15.Casualty:  Reception  counter  in  Casualty  is  non-functional and laden with dust.

16.MRD: Staff is inadequate. 17.Wards of Tb & Chest, Skin & VD & Psychiatry are common

for males & females. 18.CSSD:  Staff  is  not  adequate.  I/c  Nurse/Technician  is  not

available. 19.Central  Library:  It  is  not  fully  air-conditioned.  Students’

reading  Room  (Inside),  Staff  Reading  Room,  Residents’ reading Rooms are not air-conditioned. Internet connection is not available.

20.Central Photography Section is not functional 21.Students’  Hostels:  Visitors’  room,  A.C.  Study  room  with

Computer & Internet Recreation room are not available. 22.Interns’  Hostel:  Visitors;  room,  A.C.  Study  room  with

Computer & Internet Recreation room are not available. 23.Residents’  Hostel:  Visitors’  room,  A.C.  Study  room  with

Computer & Internet, Recreation room are not available. 24.Canteen facilities are inadequate. 25.Anatomy  Department:  Specimens  available  are  only  80.

Cadavers  are  not  available.  Capacity  of  cold  storage  for dead bodies is inadequate.

26.Pathology department: Only 80 specimens are available. 27.Microbiology  Department:  Only  1  Service  Laboratory  is

available against requirement of 7.

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28.Community Medicine Department: Demonstration room has capacity of only 30 which is inadequate.

29.RHTC: It is non-functional. It is just labeled & located in a college campus. There are no clinical, survey, Immunization, family welfare or National Health Programme activities. No record is available.

30.UHC: It is not available. A private nursing home was shown as UHC which is not permissible. No manpower is available. There are no clinical, survey Immunization, family welfare or National Health Programme activities. There is no record.”

The  Executive  Committee  of  MCI,  at  a  meeting  held  on  3  May  2016

considered the assessment reports and noted the deficiencies.

There were as many as 30 deficiencies, including the above.  Based on these

deficiencies,  MCI by its letter dated 15 May 2016 recommended to the Union

government  not  to  renew   permission  for  admission  of  a  fresh  batch  of

students for 2016-17. The Union government  accepted the recommendation

and issued a communication dated 10 June 2016 declining permission for

fresh admissions for 2016-17.

4 After the constitution of the Oversight Committee by the judgment of

this Court in Modern Dental College and Research Centre v State of M P1,

a  fresh  report  of  compliance  was  furnished  by  the  college  to  the  Union

government.   A compliance  verification  assessment  for  recognition  of  the

college under Section 11(2) was conducted on  19 July 2016.  The following

deficiencies were noticed :

1  2016(7) SCC 353

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1. “Deficiency of faculty is 72.4% as detailed in report. 2. Shortage of Residents is 88.05% as detailed in the report.  3. Both  Dean  Dr  Suresh  Prasad  &  Medical  Superintendent  Dr  C  S

Aggarwal were not available on day of assessment. 4. OPD attendance on day of assessment was 318 against requirement

of 800. 5. Hospital is practically non-functional since 11 July 2016. 6. Bed Occupancy was only  5% on day of assessment. All  the wards

wore deserted look. There were no patients in many wards. 7. Occupancy in Intensive Care Units was NIL on day of assessment. 8. There was NIL Major & NIL Minor operation on day of assessment.

Last operation was done on 11 July 2016. 9. There was NIL Normal Delivery & Nil Caesarean Section on day of

assessment. 10.CT Scan was not functional on day of assessment. 11.Workload of Special  Investigations like Ba,  IVP was NIL on day of

assessment. 12.Radiological investigation workload is grossly inadequate. 13.Laboratory investigation workload is NIL on day of assessment. 14.Histopathology  &  Cytopathology  workload  was  NIL  on  day  of

assessment.  No  record  was  available  regarding  samples  under process in Histopathology laboratory.

15.Available USG machines are 2 against requirement of 3. 16.OPD: Colposcope is not available. 17.Casualty: There was NIL patient in Casualty. 18.Central Library: It is not fully air-conditioned. 19.Canteen facilities are inadequate. 20.Anatomy department:  Available specimens are only 56. Capacity of

cold storage bodies is not adequate. 21.Pathology department: Available specimens are only 63. 22.Microbiology department: All service laboratories are non-functional. 23.RHTC:  It  is  partially  functional.  There  is  no  clinical,  Survey,

Immunization,  family  Welfare  &  National  Health  Programmes.  No record is available.  

24.There was no display of name of Dean outside his office.”  

The Executive Committee of MCI considered the assessment reports on 23

August 2016 when the above deficiencies were noted.

MCI once again directed the college to send its compliance.

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The Oversight Committee approved conditional recognition for the college on

29 August 2016.  This was subject to the following conditions :

“(i) An undertaking on affidavit from the Dean/Principal and the Chairman of the Trust affirming that the deficiencies pointed  out  by  the  assessors  of  the  Council  in  the compliance verification assessment stands rectified;

(ii) A Bank Guarantee for a sum of Rs. 2 crores in favour of the Council which shall be valid for a period of one year or till such time the first renewal inspection takes place, whichever is later.

It was further directed that the inspection of the medical colleges  which  have  been  recommended  for  grant  of Conditional  Letter  of  Permission  /  Recognition  by  the then Oversight Committee shall  be conducted after 30 September 2016 and any college which is found to have not  complied  /  rectified  the  deficiency  as  per  their undertaking  shall  be  debarred  from  admitting  any students for a period of 2 years i.e. 2017-18 & 2018-19.”

Following this,  the Union government  issued conditional  recognition on 12

September 2016.   

5 A compliance verification assessment was carried out on 21 February

2017. The following deficiencies were noted :

a. “Deficiency of faulty is 84.76% as detailed in the report. b. Medical Superintendent has crossed age of 70 years; hence not

eligible to hold the post. c. Shortage of Residents is 94.02% as detailed in the report. d. Bed Occupancy at 10 a.m. on day of assessment is 20.85%. e. There  was  NIL  Major  &  NIL  Minor  assessment  on  day  of

assessment. There was Major Operation after 17 February 2017. f. There was NIL Normal Delivery & NIL Caesarean Section on day of

assessment.

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g. Workload  of  plain  X-rays  for  indoor  patients  is  NIL  on  day  of assessment.

h. Details of  tests conducted in service laboratories of Microbiology were not provided.

i. There was NIL patient in Causality on day of assessment. j. CT Scan is not functional. Wards of Tb & Chest, Psychiatry and

Skin & VD are common for males/females. There were NIL patients in these wards on day of assessment. Deficiency remains as it is.

k. Central  Library:  It  is  not  fully  air-conditioned.  Only  12  Internet Nodes are available. Deficiency remains as it is.

l. Students’ Hostel: Computer in Study room is nonfunctional & does not  have  Internet.  Interns’  Hotel:  Computer  in  Study  room  is nonfunctional and does not have Internet. Recreation room is not available.  

m. Residents’ Hostel: Computer in Study room is nonfunctional & does not have Internet.

n. Canteen:  Although  infrastructure  is  available,  presently  canteen services are not available.  

o. RHTC:  Details  not  provided.  Faculty  from  Community  Medicine were not present at time of visit. UHC: Details not provided. Faculty from Community Medicine were not present at time of visit.

p. Other deficiencies as pointed out in the assessment report.”   

The  Executive  Committee  considered  the  assessment  report  dated  21

February 2017 in its meeting held on 21 March 2017.  

After deliberation, it was decided to recommend to the Central Government

not  to  approve  the  conditional  recognition  granted  to  the  college  by  the

Oversight Committee. It was further decided to invoke Regulation 8(3)(1)(c) of

the MCI Establishment of Medical College Regulations, 1999. Regulation 8(3)

(1)(c)  stipulates  that  if  in  any  medical  college  which  is  at  the  stage  of

recognition under Section 11(2) of  the IMC Act,  1956 it  is  noticed that the

deficiency of  faculty is more than 10% and/or  bed occupancy is less than

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70%, such an institute will not be permitted to admit students in that academic

year.  The  said  Regulation  also  provides  that  if  the  afore-mentioned

deficiencies are noticed in the college MCI will issue a notice calling upon the

college to show cause as to why the recognition granted to the college be not

withdrawn.  The  relevant  portion  of  Regulation  8(3)(1)(c)  is  reproduced

hereinbelow :  

“(c)  Colleges  which  are  already  recognized  for  award  of M.B.B.S degree and /or running Postgraduate courses.

If  it  is  observed  during  any  inspection  /  assessment  of  the institute  that  the  deficiency  of  teaching  faculty  and  /or Residents is more than 10% and / or bed occupancy is <70%, compliance of rectification of deficiency from such an  institute will not be considered for issue of renewal of permission in that processing  application  for  Postgraduate  courses  in  that Academic Year and will  be issued show cause notices as to why the recommendations for withdrawal of recognition of the courses  run  by  that  institute  should  not  be  made  for undergraduate and postgraduate courses which are recognized under Section 11(2) of the IMC Act, 1956 along with direction of stoppage of admissions in permitted postgraduate courses.”

By a letter dated 24 March 2017, MCI recommended that the college should,

in view of the deficiencies, be debarred from admitting students for 2017-18

and that the bank guarantee furnished by the petitioner be encashed.  An

opportunity of being heard was thereafter furnished by the Hearing Committee

constituted by the Union government, which affirmed the decision of the MCI

on 31 May 2017.

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6 On 11 August 2017, this Court, while entertaining the writ petition filed

by the college, directed the Union government to afford a hearing and to issue

a fresh order. Following the above directions, a hearing was granted to the

college on 24  August  2017 and an  order  was  issued on  30 August  2017

affirming the earlier decision.  The order passed by the Union government

notes that the representative of the Oversight Committee could not attend the

meeting of the Hearing Committee.  

7 The  petitioner  has  urged  that  the  college  has  received  the

recommendations of  MCI  and permissions of  the Union government  since

2011-12 and,  until  date,  four  batches have been admitted.   For academic

session 2015-16, permission was denied to the college on 15 June 2015.  For

2016-17 the college, despite the grant of conditional recognition under Section

11(2), was unable to admit students since no students were supplied by the

third  respondent  (Director  General,  Medical  Education,  State  of  U  P).   In

consequence, the college does not presently have students for the first and

second year of the MBBS degree course.

8 The petitioner  submitted  that  for  compliance verification,  the  college

was inspected on 21 February 2017.  The petitioner has adverted to the fact

that the assessment report dated 21 February 2017 is relevant since in the

impugned order dated 30 August 2017, it has been stated that no dissent note

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on the assessors’ report was given by the college. The grievance of  the

petitioner  is  that  it  had  explained  the  alleged  deficiencies  together  with

supporting documents which has not been considered.  For example, it has

been submitted that the faculty could not present itself on 21 February 2017

“because of the short time and some faculty were on leave and some faculty

were  not  counted”.   According  to  the  petitioner,  since   no  students  were

admitted for the first two academic years of the MBBS course at the relevant

time,  the faculty of  seven departments was idle with no work of  teaching.

According to the assessment report,  34 out of 113 members of the faculty

were not available though the petitioner has submitted details about them.

The petitioner points out that where as at one stage the deficiency of faculty is

recorded at 72.4%, at another stage, it is recorded at 84.76%.   

9 Following the receipt of MCI’s letter dated 24 March 2017, the Union

government directed the petitioner by its letter dated 5 April 2017 to appear for

a hearing on 11 April  2017.  The petitioner has submitted that it  appeared

before  the  Hearing  Committee  and  submitted  its  objections  but  a

non-speaking  order  was  issued.   Pursuant  to  the  directions  issued  on  11

August  2017  by  this  Court,  the  petitioner  appeared  before  the  Hearing

Committee on 24 August 2017 and submitted its objections on the report of

MCI dated 21 February 2017.  According to the petitioner, it has a total faculty

of 113 of which 44 are teachers for the first and second years of the MBBS

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course.  The petitioner has submitted that 44 members of the faculty have no

work of teaching, in the absence of students. According to it, it has submitted

a list of faculty including Form 16 showing the TDS certificates evidencing the

engagement of faculty in the college.  A similar explanation has, according to

the petitioner, been submitted in relation to residents.  The grievance of the

petitioner is that the impugned order dated 30 August 2017 is  a non-speaking

order.  It has been urged that the annexures of the order would indicate that

the submissions which were urged were rejected only on the ground that no

dissent  note was furnished to the report  of  the assessors.   The petitioner

urges that there was no occasion to record any dissent note in the report

dated 21 February 2017 and this was possible only after receipt of the letter of

the Union government dated 5 April 2017 which was complied with on 9 April

2017. These submissions have been urged to buttress the contention that the

impugned orders dated 31 May 2017 and 30 August 2017 have been passed

in a mechanical manner.   

10 Having considered the submissions which have been urged on behalf

of  the petitioner, we are of  the view that  the explanation which has been

submitted by the petitioner in regard to the availability of faculty and other

infrastructure raises purely factual issues.  In the very nature of things, this is

a matter which requires verification by MCI as an expert statutory body.  The

availability of faculty and their presence on the date of inspection is a matter

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for  factual  determination  and  cannot  be  re-appreciated  by  the  court.  The

petitioner has stated that it has not admitted any student for two consecutive

academic years as a result of which it has no students for the first and second

years of the MBBS degree course.  The impugned orders have to be read as

a composite whole and the ultimate conclusion cannot be read torn out of the

context  set  out  in  the  entirety  of  the  factual  background  noticed  in  the

determination. The orders passed by the Union government in the present

regard cannot be construed in the same manner as orders passed by a court

in  a  judicial  proceeding.   The  court  cannot  overlook  the  fact  that  in  the

assessment  reports  of  March  and  April  2016  and  July  2016,  serious

deficiencies have been noted in the availability of faculty and residents and in

regard to bed occupancy. These deficiencies, have been observed to have

continued in  the assessment  report  dated 21 February 2017.   In the very

nature of things, it would not be appropriate for this Court to reappraise the

factual situation for itself, particularly in the absence of any cogent material

evidencing that the deficiencies have been rectified.  However, it would be in

the  fairness  of  things  to  permit  the  petitioner  to  have  an  opportunity  to

establish before the MCI that all the deficiencies have been duly rectified by

the petitioner.  This exercise,  however, shall  enure only for academic year

2018-19 and not prior thereto. The cut-off date for admissions to the MBBS

degree course for 2017-18 has already elapsed following which the academic

session has commenced.  

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11 We accordingly direct that :

(i) The case of  the petitioner shall  be duly considered by MCI and by the

Union  government  in  accordance  with  the  prevalent  regulations  for

academic year 2018-19.

(ii) The bank guarantee which was furnished by the petitioner shall be kept

live in the meantime and shall not be encashed.   

(iii)  MCI  shall  conduct  a  fresh  inspection  as  per  the  Regulations  within  a

period of two months. It shall apprise the petitioner-institution with regard

to  the  deficiencies  and  afford  an  opportunity  to  rectify  the  same  and,

thereafter, proceed to act as contemplated under the Act.

(iv) After MCI sends its recommendation to the Central government, it shall

take a final decision according to law after affording an opportunity of a

hearing to the petitioners.  MCI shall take the assistance of the Hearing

Committee  constituted  by  the  Constitution  Bench  decision  in  Amma

Chandravati Educational and Charitable Trust and Others v Union of

India and another2  or other directions given in the said decision.  

12 Having regard to the interest of medical education and the observations

contained in the judgment delivered today by this Court in Writ Petition (c) No

674 of 2017 in Madha Medical College and Research Institute through its 2  Writ Petition (Civil) No 408 of 2017

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Managing Director v Union of India, we decline to grant any relief in respect

of academic year 2017-18 to the petitioner.

13 The petition shall accordingly stand disposed of in these terms.  

.............................................CJI           [DIPAK MISRA]

................................................J           [A M KHANWILKAR]

                      .................................................J           [Dr  D Y  CHANDRACHUD]

New Delhi; September 12, 2017