M/S. STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA LTD. (UNIT BHILAI STEEL PLANT) ISPAT BHAWAN Vs COMMISSIONER OF CENTRAL EXCISE RAIPUR
Bench: A.K. SIKRI,ROHINTON FALI NARIMAN
Case number: C.A. No.-002150-002150 / 2012
Diary number: 34505 / 2010
Advocates: M. P. DEVANATH Vs
B. KRISHNA PRASAD
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REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 2150 OF 2012
M/S. STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA LTD. .....APPELLANT(S)
VERSUS
COMMISSIONER OF CENTRAL EXCISE, RAIPUR
.....RESPONDENT(S)
W I T H
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 2562 OF 2012
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 599 OF 2013
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 600 OF 2013
A N D
CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 1522-1523 OF 2013
J U D G M E N T
A.K. SIKRI, J.
In all these appeals, identical question of law is involved
and for the sake of brevity, we are discussing the question of law
by taking note of the facts from Civil Appeal No. 2150 of 2012.
Civil Appeal No. 2150 of 2012 & Ors. Page 1 of 29
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2. The appellant/assessee herein, which is a public sector
undertaking of the Government of India, has been selling iron and
steel products, that are manufactured by it, to the Indian
Railways. For this purpose, contract was signed between the
said two parties and the goods were being sold to the Indian
Railways at the price mutually agreed upon between them. On
each removal of these goods for supply to the Railways, the
assessee had been paying the excise duty as per the price
disclosed by the assessee in the invoices issued at the time of
the removal of the goods. Goods in this manner were supplied
during the period January, 2005 to July, 2006 which period is
involved in the instant appeal. It so happened that there was an
upward revision in the price by the Railways in August, 2006
covering the period in question. On that basis, assessee was
paid the price difference on the fixation of enhanced
consideration for the goods supplied. The assessee paid the
differential duty of Rs.142.78 crores voluntarily in August, 2006.
According to the Revenue/respondent, since the differential duty
was paid in August, 2006 and not paid at the time of clearance of
the goods, there was delay in paying the differential duty and,
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therefore, under Section 11AB of the Central Excise Act, 1944
(hereinafter referred to as the 'Act'), the assessee was liable to
pay interest on the differential duty amount paid by it. The
contention of the Revenue has been upheld by the Authorities
below including Custom Excise and Service Tax Appellate
Tribunal (hereinafter referred to as the 'Tribunal').
3. The question, thus, that arises for consideration in these appeals
is as to whether interest is leviable under Section 11AB of the Act
on the differential duty amount paid under supplementary
invoices due to price increase by virtue of price variation clause in
the sale contract. Now, facts in some detail:
The assessee is engaged in the manufacture of iron and
steel products falling under Chapter 72 and 73 of the schedule of
the Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985. The final products
manufactured includes rails. The final products manufactured by
the assessee are cleared on payment of appropriate duty of
excise leviable thereon. The final products are either directly sold
at the factory gate or are transferred to various Branch Sales
Offices from where they are sold to the customers. The sales
either from the factory or from the BSOs are in terms of purchase
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orders received from the customers. The assessee sold the rails
to the Indian Railways in terms of the Price Circular No. LP-06 of
2005 dated 24.02.2005 w.e.f. 01.07.2004.
In terms of the prices quoted in the purchase orders, the
assessee discharged central excise duty at the time of removal of
the rails to the Indian Railways. Such price was the “transaction
value” of the goods in terms of Section 4 of the Act at the given
time. In terms of the price variation clause and also in terms of
the agreement with the Indian Railways, the price circular dated
24.02.2005 effective from 01.07.2004 was revised upwards with
increase in the agreed upon price. A revised price circular No.
LP-010/06 dated 20.07.2006 was issued revising the agreed
upon price.
In terms of the revised price circular the assessee
discharged differential duty of Rs.142,78,88,172/- on the rails
cleared during the period from January, 2005 to July, 2006. The
differential duty was paid in August, 2006 under intimation to the
Departmental Authorities.
4. In the above background, on a scrutiny of ER-1 return filed by the
assessee for the month of August, 2006, a show cause notice
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dated 01.06.2007 was issued to the assessee contending that in
respect of the differential duty of Rs.142.78 crores paid in August,
2006, the assessee are required to pay an interest of
Rs.15,51,81,231/- under Section 11AB of the Act. The notice
alleged that since the price was not correctly determined at the
time of removal of goods there was short payment of duty hence
the assessee is liable to pay interest. The notice also alleges that
since the price was not final the duty should be treated as paid on
the provisional price and in terms of Rule 7(4) of the Central
Excise Rules interest under Section 11AB is payable. The notice
also relied on circular dated 28.07.2003 to allege that the
assessee is required to pay interest. The notice also proposed to
impose penalty under Rule 25 for contravention of Rules 7 and 8
of the Rules.
5. The assessee filed detailed reply dated 17.10.2007 challenging
the allegations contained in the show cause ntoice and
contending that no interest is payable on the differential duty paid
on account of price variation.
6. The Commissioner of Central Excise, Raipur passed order dated
31.10.2007 confirming the amount of interest proposed in the
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show cause notice and also imposing penalty of Rs.2,00,000/-.
Against the order dated 31.10.2007 passed by the Commissioner
of Central Excise, Raipur, assessee filed an appeal before the
Tribunal. The Tribunal has passed the impugned order dated
13.08.2010 and dismissed the appeal. This order is challenged
by way of instant appeal.
7. It becomes manifest from the aforesaid facts that the assessee
had discharged the excise duty on the goods cleared by it on the
basis of invoices raised indicating the value of these goods and
as on the date of the clearance of these goods. It cannot be
disputed that the price declared in the said invoice was the
transaction value of the goods in terms of Section 4 of the Act
inasmuch as that was the price fixed between the parties at which
the goods were to be supplied at the time and place of removal.
The occasion for differential duty arose at a later date due to price
variation clause in the contract for sale. The moment the
assessee received the enhanced price due to price escalation, it
paid differential duty on its own immediately on receipt of the said
price.
8. It is in this backdrop it is to be examined as to whether the
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difference in price, as per the decision taken by the Railways on a
later date i.e. much after the date on which the goods were
cleared, can be treated as price as on the date when the goods
were actually removed and, therefore, it is to construed that the
duty initially paid was 'short paid' to bring this event within the fold
of Section 11AB of the Act. As per the assessee, provisions of
Section 11AB of the Act would not be attracted at all inasmuch as,
by no stretch of imagination, it can be treated that on the date of
removal of the goods when the duty was paid as per the price
fixed at that time, it is now to be treated as 'short paid' only
because of the occurrence of an event at a later date which could
not be visualised or taken into consideration at the time of
removal of these goods.
9. For proper understanding of the matter, we may reproduce
provisions of Section 11AB of the Act at this stage, which reads
as under:
“(1) Where any duty of excise has not been levied or paid or has been short-levied or short-paid or erroneously refunded, the person who is liable to pay the duty as determined under sub-section (2), or has paid the duty under sub-section (2B), of Section 11A, shall, in addition to the duty, be liable to pay interest at such rate not below eighteen percent and not exceeding thirty-six percent per annum, as is for
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the time being fixed by the Central Government, by notification in the Official Gazette, from the first date of the month succeeding the month in which the duty ought to have been paid under this Act, or from the date of such erroneous refund, as the case may be, but for the provisions contained in sub-section (2), or sub-section (2B), of Section 11A till the date of payment of such duty:
Provided that in such cases where the duty becomes payable consequent to issue of an order, instruction or direction by the Board under Section 37B, and such amount of duty payable is voluntarily paid in full, without reserving any right to appeal against such payment at any subsequent stage, within forty-five days from the date of issue of such order, instruction or direction, as the case may be, no interest shall be payable and in other cases the interest shall be payable on the whole of the amount, including the amount already paid.
(2) The provisions of sub-section (1) shall not apply to cases where the duty had become payable or ought to have been paid before the date on which the Finance Bill, 2001 receives the assent of the President.
Explanation 1. - Where the duty determined to be payable is reduced by the Commissioner (Appeals), the Appellate Tribunal or, as the case may be, the Court, the interest shall be payable on such reduced amount of duty.
Explanation 2. - Where the duty determined to be payable is increased or further increased by the Commissioner (Appeals), the Appellate Tribunal or, as the case may be, the Court, the interest shall be payable on such increased or further increased amount of duty.”
10. A bare reading of the aforesaid provision reflects that in order to
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attract the same, following requirements need to be fulfilled:
(a) Non-levy or non-payment of duty.
(b) Short levy or short payment of duty.
(c) erroneous refund.
(d) duty determined under Section 11A(2).
(e) Section 11A(2) requiring Notice issued under Section 11A.
(f) duty payment under Section 11A(2B).
(g) interest is payable on such reduced or increased duty
determined to be payable by Commissioner (Appeals) or
Appellate Tribunal etc.
11. Before proceeding further, we would like to point out that we are
not treading on a virgin territory, inasmuch as the provisions of
Section 11AB of the Act have already been interpreted by this
Court in two judgments under almost similar circumstances.
These are:
(a) CCE v. SKF India Ltd.1
(b) CCE v. International Auto Limited.2
12. In SKF India Ltd. case, the assessee was engaged in the
manufacture and sale of ball bearings and textile machine parts.
1 (2009) 13 SCC 461 2 (2010) 2 SCC 672
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It sold goods manufactured by it on certain prices on payment of
excise duty leviable on the price on which the goods were sold.
Later on, there was a revision of prices with retrospective effect.
Following the revision the assessee raised supplementary
invoices on its buyers and also paid the differential duty on the
goods sold earlier. The Revenue took the view that the assessee
was liable to pay interest on differential duty. This factual position
would reflect that it was almost same that prevails in the present
appeals. Though, the demand made in Order-in-Original was set
aside by the Commissioner (Appeals) and the order of the
Commissioner (Appeals) was upheld by the CESTAT holding that
no interest was chargeable where there was time gap between
the payment of differential duty and issuance of supplementary
invoices to the customers on the basis of upward revision of
prices in respect of the goods sold earlier. The said view of the
Tribunal was reversed by this Court holding that interest was
payable under Section 11AB of the Act. After reproducing the
provisions of Section 11AB, the Court in the first instance pointed
out that the aforesaid provision was not happily worded and made
following remarks in this behalf:
“9. If the object of the law is to state clearly and
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unambiguously the obligations of the person whom the law addresses and to spell out plainly and without any confusion the consequences of failure to discharge the obligations cast by the law then the four sections of the Act fall miles short of the desired objective. Even as originally cast the provisions were far from very happily framed and worded. Subjected to amendments from time to time those provisions have now become so complicated that in order to discern their meaning it becomes necessary to read them back and forth several times.
10. We see no reason why the two periods for which interest is leviable may not be put together and dealt with in one consolidated provision instead of being split up in Sections 11-AA and 11-AB. Also, there is much scope to reorganise all the different sub-sections of Section 11-A and to present the scheme of that section in a more coherent and readable form. Be that as it may. In the case in hand we have to deal with the law as it stands now.”
13. Thereafter, the Court contrasted the provisions of Section 11A
with Section 11AB and some other provisions. It also took note of
the judgment of High Court of Bombay in CCE v. Rucha Engg.
(P) Ltd.3 wherein the Bombay High Court had held that Section
11AB of the Act is not applicable in such a situation. The Court,
however, rejected the aforesaid view of the Bombay High Court.
We would like to reproduce the relevant discussion touching the
aforesaid aspect, as contained in the judgment:
“11. Section 11-A puts the cases of non-levy or short-levy, non-payment or short-payment or
3 First Appeal No. 42 of 2007 decided on 03.04.2007
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erroneous refund of duty in two categories. One in which the non-payment or short-payment, etc. of duty is for a reason other than deceit; the default is due to oversight or some mistake and it is not intentional. The second in which the non-payment or short-payment, etc. of duty is “by reason of fraud, collusion or any wilful misstatement or suppression of facts, or contravention of any of the provisions of the Act or of Rules made thereunder with intent to evade payment of duty”; that is to say, it is intentional, deliberate and/or by deceitful means. Naturally, the cases falling in the two groups lead to different consequences and are dealt with differently.
12. Section 11-A, however allow the assessees-in-default in both kinds of cases to make amends, subject of course to certain terms and conditions. The cases where the non-payment or short-payment, etc. of duty is by reason of fraud, collusion, etc. are dealt with under sub-section (1-A) of Section 11-A and the cases where the non-payment or short-payment of duty is not intentional under sub-section (2-B).
13. Sub-section (2-B) of Section 11-A provides that the assessee-in-default may, before the notice issued under sub-section (1) is served on him, make payment of the unpaid duty on the basis of his own ascertainment or as ascertained by a Central Excise Officer and inform the Central Excise Officer in writing about the payment made by him and in that event he would not be given the demand notice under sub-section (1). But Explanation 2 to the sub-section makes it expressly clear that such payment would not be exempt from interest chargeable under Section 11-AB, that is, for the period from the first date of the month succeeding the month in which the duty ought to have been paid till the date of payment of the duty.
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14. What is stated in Explanation 2 to sub-section (2-B) is reiterated in Section 11-AB that states where any duty of excise has not been levied or paid or has been short-levied or short-paid or erroneously refunded, the person who has paid the duty under sub-section (2-B) of Section 11-A, shall, in addition to the duty, be liable to pay interest…. It is thus to be seen that unlike penalty that is attracted to the category of cases in which the non-payment or short-payment, etc. of duty is “by reason of fraud, collusion or any wilful misstatement or suppression of facts, or contravention of any of the provisions of the Act or of Rules made thereunder with intent to evade payment of duty”, under the scheme of the four Sections (11-A, 11-AA, 11-AB and 11-AC) interest is leviable on delayed or deferred payment of duty for whatever reasons. The payment of differential duty by the assessee at the time of issuance of supplementary invoices to the customers demanding the balance of the revised prices clearly falls under the provision of sub-section (2-B) of Section 11-A of the Act.
15. The Bombay High Court, Aurangabad Bench, in its decision in CCE v. Rucha Engg. (P) Ltd., (First Appeal No. 42 of 2007 decided on 3-4-2007) that was relied upon by the Tribunal for dismissing the Revenue’s appeal took the view that there would be no application of Section 11-A(2-B) or Section 11-AB where differential duty was paid by the assessee as soon as it came to learn about the upward revision of prices of goods sold earlier.
16. In Rucha Engg. the High Court observed as follows: “It is evident that Section 11-AB comes into play if the duty paid/levied is short. Both, the Commissioner (Appeals) and CESTAT have observed that the assessee paid the duty on its own accord immediately when the revised rates became known to them from their customers.
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The differential duty was due at that time i.e. when the revised rates applicable with retrospective effect were learnt by the assessee, which was much after the clearance of the goods and, therefore, question of payment of interest does not arise as the duty was paid as soon as it was learnt that it was payable. Finding that provisions of Section 11-A(2) and 11-A(2-B) were not applicable as the situation occurred in the instant case was quite different, Section 11-AB(1) was not at all applicable, and therefore, the assessee was not required to pay interest.” It further held that a case of this nature would not fall in the category where duty of excise was not paid or short-paid.
17. We are unable to subscribe to the view taken by the High Court in Rucha Engg. It is to be noted that the assessee was able to demand from its customers the balance of the higher prices by virtue of retrospective revision of the prices. It, therefore, follows that at the time of sale the goods carried a higher value and those were cleared on short-payment of duty. The differential duty was paid only later when the assessee issued supplementary invoices to its customers demanding the balance amounts. Seen thus, it was clearly a case of short-payment of duty though indeed completely unintended and without any element of deceit, etc. The payment of differential duty thus clearly came under sub-section (2-B) of Section 11-A and attracted levy of interest under Section 11-AB of the Act.”
14. Fact situation in International Auto Limited was also almost
similar. In that case, the assessee, viz., International Auto
Limited had supplied auto parts to its customers (manufacturers
of motor vehicles) who determined the prices of auto parts having
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regard to the cost of raw material, manufacturing cost, profit
margin, etc. and placed orders with the assessee. Since price
difference arose between the price on the date of removal and
the enhanced price at which the goods stood ultimately sold, the
Department issued show cause notice proposing to levy interest
on the differential duty, paid by the assessee, under Section
11-AB of the Act. The assessee took up the defence that prices
indicated in the purchase order were final and not liable to
change at the time of removal of the goods and, thus, it was not
the case of 'short levy' on which interest could be charged. After
extensively quoting from the judgment of SKF India Ltd. and
following the same, aforesaid contention of the assessee was
repelled. In addition, the judgment also contained some further
discussion on Section 11AB of the Act which needs to be taken
note of. It runs as under:
“6. Section 11-A of the Act deals with recovery of duty not levied or not paid or short-levied or short-paid. The said section, which stood inserted by Act 25 of 1978, underwent a sea change when Parliament inserted major changes in that section vide Act 14 of 2001 (with effect from 11-5-2001) and Act 32 of 2003 (with effect from 14-5-2003). It needs to be mentioned that simultaneously Act 14 of 2001 also made changes to Section 11-AB of the Act.
7. In SKF India Ltd., (2009) 13 SCC 461, it has
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been, inter alia, held, as can be seen from the abovequoted paragraphs, that sub-section (2-B) of Section 11-A provides that the assessee in default may make payment of the unpaid duty on the basis of his own ascertainment or as ascertained by a Central Excise Officer and, in that event, such assessee in default would not be served with the demand notice under Section 11-A(1) of the Act. However, Explanation 2 to the sub-section makes it clear that such payment would not be exempt from interest chargeable under Section 11-AB of the Act. What is stated in Explanation 2 to sub-section (2-B) is reiterated in Section 11-AB of the Act, which deals with interest on delayed payment of duty.
8. From the scheme of Section 11-A(2-B) and Section 11-AB of the Act, it becomes clear that interest is levied for loss of revenue on any count. In the present case, one fact remains undisputed, namely, accrual of price differential. What does differential price signify? It signifies that value, which is the function of the price, on the date of removal/clearance of the goods was not correct. That, it was understated. Therefore, the price indicated by the supplementary invoice is directly relatable to the value of the goods on the date of clearance, hence, enhanced duty. This enhanced duty is on the corrected value of the goods on the date of removal. When the differential duty is paid after the date of clearance, it indicates short-payment/short-levy on the date of removal, hence, interest which is for loss of revenue, becomes leviable under Section 11-AB of the Act.
9. In our view, with the entire change in the scheme of recovery of duty under the Act, particularly after insertion of Act 14 of 2001 and Act 32 of 2003, the judgment of this Court in MRF Ltd. would not apply. That judgment was on interpretation of Section 11-B of the Act, which concerns claim for refund of duty by the assessee. That judgment was in the context of
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the price list approved on 14-5-1983. In that case, the assessee had made a claim for refund of excise duty on the differential between the price on the date of removal and the reduced price at which tyres were sold. The price was approved by the Government. In that case, the assessee submitted that its price list was approved by the Government on 14-5-1983, but subsequent thereto, on account of consumer resistance, the Government of India directed the assessee to roll back the prices to pre-14-5-1983 level and on that account, price differential arose on the basis of which the assessee claimed refund of excise duty which stood rejected by this Court on the ground that once the assessee had cleared the goods on classification, the assessee became liable to payment of duty on the date of removal and subsequent reduction in the prices for whatever reason cannot be made a matter of concern to the Department insofar as the liability to pay excise duty was concerned.
10. In the present case, we are concerned with the imposition of interest which, as stated above, is charged to compensate the Department for loss of revenue. Be that as it may, as stated above, the scheme of Section 11-A of the Act has since undergone substantial change and, in the circumstances, in our view, the judgment of this Court in MRF Ltd. has no application to the facts of this case. In our view, the judgment of this Court in SKF India Ltd. is squarely applicable to the facts of this case.”
15. Mr. Lakshmikumaran, who appeared for the assessees in these
appeals, insisted on a different course of action. He adopted two
pronged strategy. His first endeavour was to show that the
judgments in the cases of SKF and International Auto were not
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applicable as the aforesaid cases were distinguishable. His
alternate submission was that these judgments do not correctly
interpret the provisions of Section 11AB of the Act and, therefore,
matter required a fresh look by a Larger Bench.
16. It is difficult to accept the first submission. As already pointed out
above, the factual scenario in which the aforesaid two cases were
decided were similar, nay, almost identical. When this Court on
the basis of same type of events interpreted the provisions of
Section 11AB of the Act in a particular manner and held, in no
certain terms, that interest was payable, it is difficult to
countenance the argument of the assessee that these cases are
distinguishable on facts. Therefore, we advert to the second
plank of Mr. Lakshmikumaran's submissions which was argued
with all vehemence, covering the entire length and breadth of the
statutory provisions with relevant case laws.
17. In the first instance, he pointed out that in these appeals, there
can be two distinct types of transactions: (a) where the price of
the goods is 'fixed' at the time and place of removal, and as a
result of subsequent negotiations (often protracted) the price is
retrospectively revised by the buyer; (b) where the price at the
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time and place of removal is 'not fixed' (price subject to escalation
clause), and the final price is agreed between the seller and
buyer subsequently. According to him in the cases falling in the
first category, even the differential duty is not payable. However,
all these appeals fall in second category and, therefore, we are
not indulging in any discussion pertaining to the first category.
We may also point out that in all these appeals, the period in
dispute (i.e. the period in which supplementary invoices on
account of price revision were raised) is post the introduction of
the 'transaction value' definition in Section of the Act, 1944 but
before 2010.
18. It is a common case of the parties and even the learned counsel
for the assessee admits that in non-fixed price scenario,
differential duty is liable to be paid on subsequent revision of
price which the assessee had already paid the differential duty at
or about the time when revised price was agreed upon by the
seller and the buyer. The question, however, is as to whether
interest thereon is payable from the date of clearance of goods
when duty was paid on the basis of invoice, till the date when
differential duty was paid.
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19. Starting from the basics, it is axiomatic that interest under Section
11AB can be levied/charged where any duty of excise has not
been levied or paid or has been short levied or short paid. In such
an event, interest is liable to be paid 'from the first date of the
month succeeding the month in which the duty ought to have
been paid'. Section 4(1)(a) of the Act provides that the value of
the goods shall be the price 'actually paid or payable' for the
goods. This means the price which has been 'paid' or 'agreed to
be paid' by the buyer of the goods. We find force in the argument
of the assessee that the expression 'ought to have been paid' in
Section 11AB has to be understood in this light. Thus, for the
purposes of Section 11AB, the expression 'ought to have been
paid' would mean the time when the price is agreed upon by the
seller and the buyer. In other words, the right of the seller to
receive the revised price crystallises only when the buyer agrees
to sanctions the same, and only at that time can liability to pay
duty, if at all, on the revised price arise. Both parties are not
aware of the final price at the time when the goods are removed.
In the context of price revision subsequent to clearance, duty
'ought to be paid' only after the sanctioning of the revised priced
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by the buyer. The differential duty on account of price revision is
paid in the month when the revised price is agreed between the
seller (assessee) and the buyer and it ought to have been paid
only at that time and not before.
20. One has also to keep in mind the difference between 'what should
be the quantum of duty to be paid' and 'when such duty is
payable'. In the cases price revision, the quantum of duty would
be on the escalated price but the time for payment of differential
duty is when the parties agree for the escalation in prices. On that
reckoning, it would follow that interest clock for differential duty
will start ticking from the date differential duty is due, i.e., the date
of agreement of escalated prices and not before. This concept
gets clarified with the latest amendment in 2015 to Section 11A
with regard to the 'relevant date' for payment of interest.
21. We have already taken note of judgments in SKF and
International Auto including the reasons which have been given in
support of the view that interest would be payable. At the outset,
we may mention that the Bench did not consider the effect of the
expression 'ought to have been paid' occurring in Section 11AB of
the Act. It is undeniable that under Section 4 of the Act, the
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excise duty is to be paid on the 'transaction value' and such a
transaction value has to be seen at the time of clearance of the
goods. Indubitably, when the goods were cleared, the excise
duty was paid taking into consideration the price that was actually
charged and was reflected in the invoices raised for the said
purpose. The Department cannot plead that as on that date, this
was not the price charged. No doubt, when the differential
payment is made at a later date, further amount towards excise
duty becomes payable as a result of said differential in price.
Further, such an event took place at a subsequent date. As on
the date when the goods were cleared, there was no certainty
that there would be price escalation and it was beyond
comprehension to ascertain the exactitude of such an escalation.
It would be impossible to expect the assessee to pay the excise
duty, at the time of clearance of the goods, on the basis of price
escalation that took place at a later date in future. Therefore, as
on the date of clearance when excise duty was paid, it could not
be treated as 'short paid' on the said date. As a consequence
when the principal amount, namely, the excise duty itself was not
payable (i.e. on the differential) on the date of clearance of the
goods, there cannot be any question of law to pay interest.
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22. No doubt, on receipt of differential price, when the buyer agreed
to escalation in the price, further excise duty also become
payable and on that reckoning one can say that the excise duty
originally paid became 'short paid'. However, that would only
attract payment on differential excise duty and not the interest
thereon.
23. The two judgments in SKF India Ltd. and International Auto are
by the same Bench. International Auto follows SKF India Ltd.
The primary factor by which the Bench was influenced was that
there is a loss of revenue to the Government and, therefore, the
Government should compensate for that. It proceeds on the
basis that the price which was originally stated at the time of
removal of the goods was 'understated' (para 8 of International
Auto). However, value of the goods for the purpose of duty is 'at
the time of removal', as emphasised above which remains
fundamental principle from the inception of the Central Excise Act
originally enacted in 1944 and remains valid till date. It is,
therefore, difficult to accept that the price was 'understated' on the
date of removal of those goods.
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24. We further find that the Bench distinguished earlier three member
Bench judgment in the case of MRF Ltd. v. Commissioner of
Central Excise, Madras4 on the purported ground that there was
'sea change' in Section 11A of the Act (which was originally
inserted by Act 25 of 1978) when Parliament inserted major
changes in that Section vide Act 14 of 2001 w.e.f. 11.05.2001, Act
32 of 2003 w.e.f. 14.05.2003 and Act 14 of 2001 whereby Section
11AB of the Act was also amended. However, we are of the
opinion that amendments made to Section 11A in 2001 and 2003
have nothing to do with the valuation of the goods based on 'the
price at the time of removal'. MRF was a case where a particular
price was charged by the said assessee from the buyer on the
date of removal and excise duty paid thereupon. However,
thereafter this price was reduced on the direction of the
Government. On that basis, assessee laid its claim for refund of
excise duty on differential between price on the date of removal
and the reduced price at which the buyers were sold on the
direction of the Government. This claim of the assessee was
rejected and the order upheld by this Court as well with the
following discussion:
4 (1997) 5 SCC 104
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“2. We have heard the learned counsel for the assessee. Once the assessee has cleared the goods on the classification and price indicated by him at the time of the removal of the goods from the factory gate, the assessee becomes liable to payment of duty on that date and time and subsequent reduction in Excise Department insofar as the liability to payment of excise duty was concerned. This is the view which was taken by the Tribunal in the case of Indo Hacks Ltd. v. CCE (1986) 25 ELT 69 (Trib.) and it seems to us that the Tribunal's view that the duty is chargeable at the rate and price when the commodity is cleared at the factory gate and not on the price reduced at a subsequent date is unexceptionable. Besides as rightly observed by the Tribunal the subsequent fluctuation in the prices of the commodity can have no relevance whatsoever so far as the liability to pay excise duty is concerned. That being so, even if we assume that the roll back in the price of tyres manufactured by the appellant Company was occasioned on account of the directive issued by the Central Government, that by itself, without anything more, would not entitle the appellant to claim a refund on the price differential unless it is shown that there was some agreement in this behalf with the Government and the latter had agreed to refund the excise duty to the extent of the reduced price. That being so, we see no merit in this appeal brought by the assessee and dismiss the same with no order as to costs.”
We, thus, are of the view that principle laid down in MRF
Ltd. would continue to prevail.
25. Mr. Lakshmikumaran argued, and we find force in this argument,
that observations of the Bench in the aforesaid case that the
imposition of interest is to compensate the Department for loss of
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revenue is contrary to the Constitution Bench judgment in the
case of J.K. Synthetics Limited v. Commercial Taxes Officer5
wherein the argument that interest was compensatory in nature
was specifically rejected. The Constitution Bench considered in
detail the correctness of earlier three member Bench judgment in
the case of Associated Cement Company Limited v.
Commercial Tax Officer, Kota and Others6 wherein majority
view was that interest claimed on unpaid tax dues could be
charged as it was compensatory in character and not penal.
Bhagwati, J. had, however, dissented giving various reasons, one
of which was that tax which has yet to be ascertained through the
process of ascertainment could not be treated as tax payable
from the date of submission of the return and, therefore, no
interest could be charged from the date of filing of the return upto
the date of assessment. This view of Bhagwati, J. was accepted
after detailed discussion with the following conclusion:
“...Our attention was, however, drawn by Mr. Sen to two cases. Even in those cases, CIT v. M. Chandra Sekhar, (1985) 1 SCC 283 and Central Provinces Manganese Ore Co. Ltd. v. CIT, (1986) 3 SCC 461, all that the Court pointed out was that provision for charging interest was, it seems, introduced in order to compensate for the loss occasioned to the
5 (1994) 4 SCC 276 6 (1981) 4 SCC 578
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Revenue due to delay. But then interest was charged on the strength of a statutory provision may be its objective was to compensate the Revenue for delay in payment of tax. But regardless of the reason which impelled the Legislature to provide for charging interest, the Court must give that meaning to it as is conveyed by the language used and the purpose to be achieved. Therefore, any provision made in a statute for charging or levying interest on delayed payment of tax must be construed as a substantive law and not adjectival law. So construed and applying the normal rule of interpretation of statutes, we find, as pointed out by us earlier and by Bhagwati, J. in the Associated Cement Co. case, that if the Revenue's contention is accepted it leads to conflicts and creates certain anomalies which could never have been intended by the Legislature.”
26. We are conscious of the sentiments expressed by seven Judges
Bench of this Court in Keshav Mills Company Limited v.
Commissioner of Income Tax, Bombay7 wherein the Court
sounded caution and stated the restraint that has to be exercised
while dealing with the question as to whether earlier decisions of
this Court should be reconsidered and revised. The Court
observed that merely because two views are possible should not
be a reason to review the earlier judgment as it was necessary to
maintain consistency and depict certainty in law. At the same
time, Court made the following remarks:
“...That is not to say that if on a subsequent
7 (1965) 2 SCR 908
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occasion, the Court is satisfied that its earlier decision was clearly erroneous, it should not hesitate to correct the error; but before a previous decision is pronounced to be plainly erroneous, the Court must be satisfied with a fair amount of unanimity amongst its members that a revision of the said view is fully justified. It is not possible or desirable, and in any case it would be inexpedient to lay down any principles which should govern the approach of the Court in dealing with the question of reviewing and revising its earlier decisions. It would always depend upon several relevant considerations-What is the nature of the infirmity or error on which a plea for a review and revision of the earlier view is based? On the earlier occasion, did some patent aspects of question remain unnoticed, or was the attention of the Court not drawn to any relevant and material statutory provision, or was any previous decision of this Court bearing on the point not noticed? Is the Court hearing such plea fairly unanimous that there is such an error in the earlier view? What would be the impact of the error on the general administration of law or on public good? Has the earlier decision been followed on subsequent occasions either by this Court or by the High Courts? And, would the reversal of the earlier decision lead to public inconvenience, hardship or mischief? These and other relevant considerations must be carefully drawn in mind whenever this Court is called upon to exercise its jurisdiction to review and revise its earlier decisions. These considerations becomes still more significant when the earlier decision happens to be a unanimous decision of a Bench of five learned Judges of this Court.”
27. We have kept in mind the aforesaid consideration and feel that
decision in SKF and Auto International require a re-look for the
reasons given by us above. We, thus, direct the Registry to place
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the matter before the Hon'ble Chief Justice of India for
constituting a Larger Bench to go into the issue involved in this
case which is of seminal importance having far reaching
ramifications.
.............................................J. (A.K. SIKRI)
.............................................J. (ROHINTON FALI NARIMAN)
NEW DELHI; DECEMBER 07, 2015.
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