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NON­REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA  CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO.  9124  OF 2018

JAGJIT SINGH (D) THR. LRS. …APPELLANT(S)

Versus

AMARJIT SINGH        …RESPONDENT(S)

J U D G M E N T

Deepak Gupta, J.

1. Amarjit Singh (since deceased, the respondent herein)

hereinafter referred to as “the plaintiff”, filed a suit for specific

performance of contract.  He alleged that he had entered into an

agreement dated 17.10.2000 with Jagjit Singh (since deceased,

the appellant herein) hereinafter referred to as “the defendant”,

for purchase of half share in the shop in dispute for a total sale

consideration of Rs. 1,50,000/­.   According to the plaintiff,

Rs. 1,30,000/­ was paid in cash at the time of execution of the

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agreement to sell.  The balance amount was to be paid on or

before 30.03.2003, by which date the sale deed was to be

executed and registered.  It was further alleged that the date for

execution and registration of the sale deed  was extended by

mutual  consent  of the  parties till  09.10.2003.  The defendant

denied the execution of the sale deed itself.  According to him, he

had not been paid any money.   

2. The trial court on consideration of the entire evidence came

to the conclusion that no agreement to sell had been executed

between the parties and accordingly dismissed the suit.

Aggrieved, the plaintiff filed an appeal. The first appellate court

set aside the finding of the trial court that the agreement to sell

had not been executed.   However, the first appellate court came

to the conclusion that the so called agreement was, in fact, not

an agreement to sell.  It further held, that assuming that the said

agreement was an agreement to sell,  the plaintiff  had failed to

prove that he was ready and willing to perform his part of the

agreement.   It  held that the  plaintiff  had  failed to  show what

steps  he  had taken to  perform his  part of the contract from

17.10.2000 to 09.10.2003.  The first appellate court, on perusal

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of the pleadings and the evidence, came to a finding of fact that it

had nowhere been averred and proved that the plaintiff had ever

showed his readiness or willingness to perform his part of  the

contract.  The appeal was consequently dismissed.   

3. The second appeal filed by the plaintiff has been allowed by

the High Court without framing any question of law much less a

substantial question of law.  The High Court, without discussing

the evidence, held that in its view the finding of the lower

appellate court is “not only erroneous, but fallacious and

perverse’’.  The only ground for coming to this decision is that the

suit had been filed on 09.01.2004 whereas the extended date for

execution and registration of the sale deed was 09.10.2003 and

thereafter, the plaintiff  had sent a  legal  notice  on 13.10.2003.

We fail to understand as to how the issuance of notice on

13.10.2003 or the filing of the suit on 09.01.2004 can lead to the

conclusion that the plaintiff  was always ready and  willing to

perform his part of the contract from the date of agreement to sell

till date of filing of suit.   Moreover, this is a pure finding of fact

which should not have been disturbed in a second appeal that

too without giving any cogent reasons.  

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4. It is settled law that a plaintiff who seeks specific

performance of contract is required to plead and prove that he

was always ready and willing to perform his part of the contract1.

Section 16(c) of the Specific Relief Act mandates that the plaintiff

should plead and prove his readiness and willingness as a

condition precedent for obtaining relief of grant of specific

performance.   As far back as in 1967, this Court in

Gomathinayagam  Pillai and  Ors. v.  Pallaniswami  Nadar2

held that in  a  suit for  specific  performance  the  plaintiff  must

plead and prove that he was ready and willing to perform his part

of the contract right from the date of the contract up to the date

of the filing of the suit.  This law continues to hold the field and

has been reiterated in the case of  J.P. Builders and Anr. v.  A.

Ramadas Rao and Anr.3 and  P. Meenakshisundaram   v.   P.

Vijayakumar & Ors.4.  It is the duty of the plaintiff to plead and

then lead evidence  to show that the plaintiff from the date he

1  16. Personal bars to relief .- Specific performance of a contract cannot be enforced in favour of a person -   (a).............

(b)............ (c)  who fails to aver and prove that he has performed or has always been ready

and willing to perform the essential terms of the contract which are to be performed by him, other than terms the performance of which has been prevented or waived by the defendant.  2 (1967) 1 SCR 227 3 (2011) 1 SCC 429 4 Civil Appeal No.3353-3354 of 2018 decided on 28.03.2018,  2018(5) SCALE 229

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entered into an agreement till the stage of filing of the suit always

had the capacity and willingness to perform the contract.

5. As far as the present appeal is concerned, the finding of the

first appellate court that the plaintiff had failed to plead or prove

his willingness to perform his part of the contract from the date

of agreement till filing of the suit is a pure finding of fact based

on evidence and law.   The High Court has while upsetting the

judgment of the District Judge lost sight of the provisions of the

Specific Relief Act and the law in this regard.  Hence the appeal is

allowed, the judgment of the High Court is set aside and that of

the lower appellate court dated 02.03.2007 is restored.  Pending

application(s), if any, shall stand disposed of.

….……………………..J. (MADAN B. LOKUR)

.….…………………….J. (DEEPAK GUPTA)

New Delhi September 13, 2018