HIMMAT SINGH Vs STATE OF M.P.
Bench: G.S. SINGHVI,SHIVA KIRTI SINGH,C. NAGAPPAN
Case number: C.A. No.-001248-001248 / 2007
Diary number: 9294 / 2006
Advocates: LAW ASSOCIATES Vs
D. S. MAHRA
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NON-REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 1248 OF 2007
Himmat Singh and others ....Appellants
versus
State of M.P. and another ....Respondents
J U D G M E N T
G.S. SINGHVI, J.
1. Feeling dissatisfied with the meagre enhancement granted by the learned
Single Judge of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in the amount of compensation
determined by II Additional District Judge, Shivpuri (hereinafter described as,
‘the Reference Court’), the appellants have filed this appeal.
2. By letter dated 27.12.1988, Collector, Shivpuri proposed the acquisition of
4.421 hectares land for construction of link road near Guna-Shivpuri Rail Line.
However, even before issue of the notification under Section 4(1) of the Land
Acquisition Act, 1894 (for short, ‘the Act’), possession of the land was taken by
the officers of the Central Railway and link road was constructed.
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3. On 16.1.1989, the notification issued under Section 4(1) of the Act was
published. However, the same was cancelled on account of discrepancies in the
area of the land proposed to be acquired. After about four months, the Collector
proposed the acquisition of 4.788 hectares land of which possession had already
been taken.
4. Thereupon, the Government of Madhya Pradesh issued notification dated
23.5.1991 under Section 4(1), which was published on 27.12.1991 for the
acquisition of land measuring 4.788 hectares. The Land Acquisition Officer
passed award dated 30.1.1993 whereby he held that the landowners are entitled to
compensation of Rs.2,61,351.
5. On an application filed by the appellants under Section 18 of the Act, the
Collector made reference to the concerned Court for determination of the
compensation payable to the appellants.
6. On the pleadings of the parties, the Reference Court framed the following
issues:
“1. Whether compensation determined by the Land Acquisition Officer, Shivpuri, is insufficient and improper and contrary to the provisions of Section 23 of the Land Acquisition Act?
2. Whether the petitioners are entitled to higher compensation? If yes, to what extent?
3. Whether the application for reference made by the petitioners is within limitation?
4. Relief and costs.”
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7. In support of their claim, the appellants produced oral and documentary
evidence including sale deeds marked Exhibits P3 to P26, the details of which (as
given in the written note filed on behalf of the appellants on 27.11.2013) are as
under:
Exhibit Date AREA (Sq Ft) Total RATE No. & Khasra No. (Rs)
P3 20.03.1989 660 [Kh No. 161/3] 5900/- 8.94 P4 05.04.1989 660 [Kh No. 161/3] 6600/- 10.00 P5 13.09.1989 1386 [Kh No. 161/3] 13900/- 10.03 P6 20.09.1989 330 [Kh No. 161/3] 3300/- 10 P7 26.09.1989 792 [Kh No. 161/1] 8000/- 10.23 P8 19.12.1989 840 10.12 P9 19.12.1989 840 10.12 P10 19.03.1991 700 [Kh No. 161/1] 13.71 P11 04.09.1990 1500 60,000/- 40.00 P12 22.10.1990 300 7500/- 25.00 P13 22.10.1990 800 20,000 25.00 P14 13.02.1991 1000 15,000/- 15.00 P15 19.04.1991 1000 15,000/- 15.00 P16 25.04.1991 1200 18,000/- 15 P17 30.09.1991 2400 [Kh No. 161/1] 36000/-* 15* P18 13.11.1991 675 30.37 P19 16.01.1992 700 [Kh No. 161/2] 14,000/- 20.00 P20 P21 04.08.1992 974 40,000/- 41.07 P22 31.07.1992 420 8400/- 20.00 P23 13.10.1992 1188 47,000/- 40.52 P24 21.10.1992 1272 — 63.68 P25 16.11.1992 4000 [Kh No. 161/1] 72000/- 18 P26 31.07.1992 420 20
8. The Reference Court discarded most of the sale deeds on the ground that
contents thereof have not been proved by examining the buyer and the seller and
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held that market value of the acquired land is Rs.7 per sq. ft. The Reference Court
then made 50% deduction for development of the acquired land, i.e., for
construction of roads, drains, sewerage lines, parks, electricity lines, etc., and
arranging other amenities and arrived at the figure of Rs.3.50 per sq. ft. The
Reference Court made further deduction to the tune of 50% on the ground that the
land which was subject matter of sale deeds was very small and held that
maximum cost of land cannot be more than Rs.1.75 per sq. ft. and awarded total
compensation of Rs.8,87,485.55 to the appellants. The Reference Court also
determined separate shares of the appellants. While dealing with the appellants’
claim for award of compensation in lieu of the damage caused due to removal of
fencing of Sant Farm, segregation of land due to laying of rail line and
construction of road, loss of earning due to damage of crops/farming and
destruction of well, the Reference Court did refer to the statement of PW-1
Himmat Singh, certified copy of report Exhibit P32 prepared by Sub-Divisional
Officer of the Water Resources Department as also the statement of Gaya Prasad
Niranjan (DW1) but, without analyzing the same and without assigning cogent
reasons, recorded the following conclusion:
“In the aforesaid circumstances no amount on above counts can be determined on the basis of surmises and conjectures alone. Moreover, it must also be kept in mind that this irrigation arrangement would have otherwise also become abrupt if the lands would have been used for building construction purposes and the buyer would have to make his own arrangements for stopping them. In the circumstances there is no justification for determining any separate compensation on this count.”
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9. The appellants challenged the judgment of the Reference Court by filing
appeal under Section 54 of the Act. The learned Single Judge disposed of the
appeal along with other appeals filed in relation to the land acquired for
construction of Broad Gauge Rail Line and held:
“As regards acquisition of land in the year 1991 is concerned, which is covered by second notification, the rate of land can be held to be Rs.8/- per sq. ft and after deduction I hold that they are entitled to Rs. 1.33/- per sq. ft. i.e. after reduction of 50% towards development of roads, drainage etc. and 33.33% towards the expenses for development. Considering this fact, I allow these appeals in part and hold that land which was required in the year 1987, the appellants are entitled to get compensation at the rate of Rs. 1/- per sq. ft and for the land, which was required in the year 1991, they are entitled to Rs.1.33/- per sq. ft.”
10. The learned Single Judge of the High Court did not deal with the
appellants’ claim for award of compensation in lieu of the loss caused due to
removal of fencing of Sant Farm, segregation of land due to construction of road
through the farm land and laying of rail line and loss of earning due to damage to
crops and farming potential as also destruction of the well existing on the
acquired land.
11. We have heard learned counsel for the parties and carefully perused the
record.
12. By a separate judgment passed today in C.A. No.1247 of 2007, this Court
has held that for the land acquired vide notification dated 28.5.1987 for
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construction of Broad Guage Rail Line, the appellants are entitled to
compensation at the rate of Rs.5 per sq.ft. with all statutory benefits and interest
on solatium.
13. Since the land which is subject matter of this appeal was acquired vide
notification dated 27.12.1991 for construction of road from Kolaras Town to the
Railway Station, we have no hesitation to hold that the appellants are entitled to
the benefit of escalation in land prices. In Ranjit Singh v. UT of Chandigarh
(1992) 4 SCC 659, Land Acquisition Officer v. Ramanjulu (2005) 9 SCC 594,
Krishi Utpadan Mandi Samiti v. Bipin Kumar (2004) 2 SCC 283, Sardar Jogendra
Singh v. State of U.P. (2008) 17 SCC 133, Revenue Divisional Officer-cum-LAO
v. Sk. Azam Saheb (2009) 4 SCC 395 and ONGC Ltd. v. Rameshbhai Jivanbhai
Pate (2008) 14 SCC 745, this Court has repeatedly held that the exercise
undertaken for fixing market value and determination of the compensation
payable to the landowner should necessarily involve consideration of escalation in
land prices. In the last mentioned judgment, the Court noticed the earlier
precedents and observed as under:
“12. We have examined the facts of the three decisions relied on by the respondents. They all related to acquisition of lands in urban or semi-urban areas. Ranjit Singh related to acquisition for development of Sector 41 of Chandigarh. Ramanjulu related to acquisition of the third phase of an existing and established industrial estate in an urban area. Bipin Kumar related to an acquisition of lands adjoining Badaun-Delhi Highway in a semi-urban area where building construc- tion activity was going on all around the acquired lands.
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13. Primarily, the increase in land prices depends on four factors: situ- ation of the land, nature of development in surrounding area, availab- ility of land for development in the area, and the demand for land in the area. In rural areas, unless there is any prospect of development in the vicinity, increase in prices would be slow, steady and gradual, without any sudden spurts or jumps. On the other hand, in urban or semi-urban areas, where the development is faster, where the demand for land is high and where there is construction activity all around, the escalation in market price is at a much higher rate, as compared to rural areas. In some pockets in big cities, due to rapid development and high demand for land, the escalations in prices have touched even 30% to 50% or more per year, during the nineties.
14. On the other extreme, in remote rural areas where there was no chance of any development and hardly any buyers, the prices stag- nated for years or rose marginally at a nominal rate of 1% or 2% per annum. There is thus a significant difference in increases in market value of lands in urban/semi-urban areas and increases in market value of lands in the rural areas. Therefore, if the increase in market value in urban/semi-urban areas is about 10% to 15% per annum, the corresponding increases in rural areas would at best be only around half of it, that is, about 5% to 7.5% per annum. This rule of thumb refers to the general trend in the nineties, to be adopted in the absence of clear and specific evidence relating to increase in prices. Where there are special reasons for applying a higher rate of increase, or any specific evidence relating to the actual increase in prices, then the in- crease to be applied would depend upon the same.
15. Normally, recourse is taken to the mode of determining the market value by providing appropriate escalation over the proved market value of nearby lands in previous years (as evidenced by sale transac- tions or acquisitions), where there is no evidence of any contemporan- eous sale transactions or acquisitions of comparable lands in the neighbourhood. The said method is reasonably safe where the re- lied-on sale transactions/acquisitions precede the subject acquisition by only a few years, that is, up to four to five years. Beyond that it may be unsafe, even if it relates to a neighbouring land. What may be a reliable standard if the gap is of only a few years, may become un- safe and unreliable standard where the gap is larger. For example, for determining the market value of a land acquired in 1992, adopting the annual increase method with reference to a sale or acquisition in 1970 or 1980 may have many pitfalls. This is because, over the course of years, the ‘rate’ of annual increase may itself undergo drastic change
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apart from the likelihood of occurrence of varying periods of stagna- tion in prices or sudden spurts in prices affecting the very standard of increase.”
14. In view of the propositions laid down in the aforementioned judgments, we
hold that the appellants will be entitled to 10% annual escalation in the
compensation determined for the acquisition made vide notification dated
28.5.1987, which was published on 12.6.1987.
15. The appellants’ prayer for award of compensation on account of loss
caused due to removal of fencing of Sant Farm, severance of land due to laying of
rail line and construction of road, loss caused due to destruction of crop/farming
activity etc. was rejected by the Reference Court without assigning cogent reasons
and the learned Single Judge of the High Court did not even deal with the issue.
It is, therefore, apposite that the matter is remitted to the Reference Court for
deciding this issue afresh keeping in view the evidence produced by the parties in
the references made by the Collector for determination of compensation of the
land acquired vide notifications dated 28.5.1987 and 27.12.1991.
16. In the result, the appeal is partly allowed and it is declared that the
appellants shall be entitled to compensation at the rate of Rs.5 per sq. ft. with
benefit of escalation at the rate of 10% per annum for the period between
28.5.1987 and 27.12.1991. The appellants shall also be entitled to get interest on
solatium. The respondents are directed to pay the enhanced compensation with
interest etc. to the appellants within a period of six months from today.
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17. The issue relating to award of compensation in lieu of the loss caused due
to removal of fencing of Sant Farm, segregation of land on account of laying of
rail line and construction of road from Kolaras Town to Railway Station and loss
caused due to damage to the crop and farming activity is remitted to the Reference
Court for fresh adjudication in the light of the evidence produced by the parties in
the references made by the Collector under Section 18 of the Act.
...............................................J. (G.S. SINGHVI)
...............................................J. (SHIVA KIRTI SINGH)
...............................................J. (C. NAGAPPAN)
New Delhi; November 29, 2013.
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