REPORTABLE  

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA  CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION  

 WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 1179 OF 2017  

DR AKSHYA BISOI AND ANOTHER                   .... PETITIONERS  

           VERSUS  

ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL           ..... RESPONDENTS  SCIENCES & OTHERS      

J  U  D  G  M  E  N  T  

Dr D Y CHANDRACHUD, J  

1 The jurisdiction of this Court under Article 32 of the Constitution has been  

invoked by two cardiac surgeons. They are attached as Professors to the  

Department of Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (CTVS) at the All India  

Institute of Medical Sciences. Each of them, as indeed the Fourth respondent  

in relation to whom they raise a dispute, has an enviable record of service in

2    

AIIMS. Disputes in service are not a rarity, even among doctors. The  

distinguished service of the contesting doctors in the present case renders the  

task of the adjudicator unenviable. That one of them will rank senior is no  

reflection of the merit of the others. Life is not always equitable in assigning  

accolades.   

 2 The relief which the petitioners seek is a writ in the nature of mandamus  

directing the First respondent to determine their seniority in relation to the  

Fourth respondent in terms of a binding policy of 1997. They seek a direction  

that since their selection on 12 September 2005 as Additional Professors, they  

would rank senior to the Fourth respondent. The petitioners challenge the  

legality of the office memoranda dated 20 April 2010, 14 July 2017 and 24  

August 2017 issued by the First respondent.  

3 The first petitioner (Dr A K Bisoi), the second petitioner (Dr U K  

Chowdhury) and the Fourth respondent (Dr Shiv K Choudhary) were appointed  

by direct recruitment as Assistant Professors on 4 June 2003. On 1 July 2003,  

they were promoted as Associate Professors. On 23 September 2005, they  

were appointed by direct recruitment  as Additional Professors. On 1 July 2010,  

they were promoted as Professors, a position which they now occupy. The  

seniormost will be designated as Head of Department of CTVS.    

3    

4 The Attorney General for India has placed on the record a tabular  

statement, reflecting the comparative position in the merit list and seniority, in  

each of the positions to which the petitioners and fourth respondent were  

appointed or, as the case may be, promoted. For convenience of reference, the  

statement is reproduced below:  

The above statement would indicate that the Fourth respondent has  

consistently been ranked senior to the petitioners as Assistant Professor,  

Associate Professor, Additional Professor and Professor. The appointment of  

all the three surgeons as Additional Professors was on 23 September 2005. For  

well over twelve years, the Fourth respondent has been placed senior to the  

Petitioners.  

Names Direct recruitment  as Assistant  Professor on  4.6.2003  

Promotion as  Associate  Professor on  1.7.2003  

Direct Recruitment as  Additional Professor on  23.9.2005         

Promotion as  Professor on 1.7.2010     

Merit  List  

Seniority  Seniority  Merit List  Seniority Seniority  

Dr Shiv K  Choudhary   (Respondent  No. 4)    

First First First  First First First  

Dr U K  Chowdhury   (Petitioner  No. 2)   

Second  Second Second Second Second Second  

Dr A K Bisoi  (Petitioner  No. 1)   

Third Third Third Third Third Third

4    

5 On 25 April 2005, four posts of Additional Professor were advertised in  

the department of CTVS, which were to be filled up through open selection. The  

shortlisted candidates were called for interview before a Selection Committee  

on 12 September 2005. The Selection Committee recorded the minutes of its  

decision in the following terms:  

“ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   

SELECTION COMMITTEE MEETING HELD ON 12th  

SEPTEMBER 2005  

Considering the performance of candidates and their records, and  

also the opinion of the technical advisers, the Committee  

recommends the following candidates for the post of Additional  

Professor of CTVS in order of merit including the candidates on  

the waiting list specified separately :-  

1. Dr. Shiv Kumar Choudhary  

2. Dr Ujjwal Kumar Chowdhury  

3. Dr. Akshya Kumar Bisoi  

WAITING LIST  

1. Three extra increments recommended for each one of the above  

candidates.”   

The Selection Committee consisted of seven persons. Among them were two  

experts drawn from outside. The grades which were allocated by each of the  

members of the Selection Committee to the contesting parties in the present  

case are tabulated below:  

“Grades awarded by the Selection Committee for direct  

recruitment to the Post of Additional Professor, CTVS  

on 12.9.2005  

5    

Member  1  

Member  2  

Member  3  

Member  4  

Member  5  

Expert/  Adviser  

1  

Expert/  Adviser  

2  

Dr Shiv K  Choudhary   

(Respondent  No. 4)  

A+ A+ A+ A+ A+ A+ A  

Dr U K   Chowdhury    (Petitioner   No. 2)  

A+ A+ A+ A+ A+ A+ A  

Dr. Bisoi      (Petitioner  No.1  

A+ A+ A+ A+ A+ A+ A+  

The above chart would indicate that all the seven members of the Selection  

Committee, assigned an A+ grading to the First petitioner. Six members of the  

Selection Committee assigned an A+ grading to the Second petitioner and the  

Fourth respondent. One of the two experts who had rated the first petitioner as  

A+, rated the second petitioner and the Fourth respondent as A. It is on this  

basis that the petitioners contend that the order of merit which was drawn up  

was erroneous and that the First petitioner should have been placed at the top  

of the order of merit instead and in place of the Fourth respondent.  

6 According to the petitioners, in 1997, the First respondent decided that in  

order to make the selection process transparent, it had been resolved that the  

final selection of candidates would be made on the basis of the grading by the  

members of the Selection Committee. The petitioners claim that if the policy of  

1997 were followed the First petitioner would have ranked higher than the  

Fourth respondent. Thus, the petitioners claim that the First petitioner should

6    

rank senior to the Fourth respondent by virtue of the fact that in the grading  

given to the rival candidates by the members of the Selection Committee in  

2005, he was allotted a higher grade than the Fourth respondent by one of the  

seven members, the other members having allotted the same grading. The  

petitioners have sought to buttress this submission by placing reliance on a  

decision communicated on 14 October 2014 by the Union Ministry of Health  

and Family Welfare under Section 25 of the All India Institute of Medical  

Sciences Act 1956 requiring the First respondent to examine the issue of  

seniority, amongst the three professors in the CTVS department “based on the  

recommendations of the Standing Selection Committee meeting held on 12  

September 2005” and to fix the seniority “strictly” in accordance with the policy  

decision of 1997.  

7 Mr Vikas Singh, learned senior counsel urged that in terms of the policy  

decision of 1997, it was necessary that the inter se seniority of selected  

members of the faculty should be fixed purely on the basis of merit; merit being  

determined in terms of the grades awarded by the members of the Selection  

Committee including the experts. The submission is that the decision which was  

communicated by the Union government in exercise of powers conferred by  

Section 25 of the AIIMS Act was binding on the First respondent. Reliance was  

placed on the provisions of Section 25 which read thus:  

“25. Control by Central Government

7    

The Institute shall carry out such directions as may be issued to it  

from time to time by the Central Government for the efficient  

administration of this Act.”  

The petitioners also submit that the grade sheets pertaining to the 2005  

selection in the department of CTVS were put up to the Governing Body on 16  

January 2012 for scrutiny. The Governing Body observed thus:   

“…. The representations were discussed at length and the GB  

found merit in the claim of Dr. A.K. Bisoi as he was rated best  

among three Additional Professors recruited to the post under  

direct recruitment with him in the year 2005….”  

The petitioners have also relied upon a communication of the then Director, Dr  

R C Deka, to the President of AIIMS on 27 June 2012 inter alia stating thus:  

“…. I am forwarding his submission to the President for his  

consideration as I believe that he has a claim as per the records  

produced by him and the available records at AIIMS also  

suggested him as the senior most among the three Additional  

Professors selected at that time, if the grades given to him are  

considered on merit as per Institute Body decision dated  

15.01.97……..”  

The Head of the CTVS Department demitted service on 31 December 2017.  

The senior most would assume charge as Head of Department.  

8 In pursuance of the order of this Court dated 11 December 2017, issuing  

notice, the learned Attorney General for India has appeared on behalf of the  

First, Second and Third respondents with Mr R Balasubramaniam. Mr Mukul  

Rohatgi and Mr P S Patwalia, learned senior counsel have appeared on behalf  

of the Fourth respondent. A counter affidavit has been filed on behalf of the

8    

First, Second and Fourth respondents in these proceedings. Pleadings have  

been completed with a rejoinder as well.    

9 A preliminary objection has been raised to the maintainability of the Writ  

Petition on the ground that the petitioners have an efficacious alternate remedy  

to raise a dispute of inter se seniority before the Central Administrative Tribunal.   

Hence, it was urged that a petition under Article 32 of the Constitution should  

not be entertained. This submission has been countered on behalf of the  

petitioners by Shri Vikas Singh, learned senior counsel, who adverted to a  

decision of a Division Bench of the Delhi High Court in Dr Dilip Kumar Parida  

v All India Institute of Medical Sciences1. Learned senior counsel urged that  

the Delhi High Court has held that “the role of the experts co-opted in the  

selection process is merely advisory” and that the members of the Standing  

Selection Committee are not bound by the opinion of the experts. In view of this  

statement of law, the correctness of which has been placed in issue, it has been  

urged that the remedy of approaching the Tribunal is not efficacious, the  

Tribunal being bound by the decision of the High Court. Hence, it was urged  

that it would be appropriate for this Court to consider the position in law and to  

exercise its jurisdiction under Article 32, especially having regard to the fact that  

the First respondent is an institution of national importance.  It was urged that a  

                                                           1 LPA 360 of 2004, decided on 9 January 2012

9    

dispute in regard to seniority ultimately affects the efficiency of personnel and  

hence it is necessary for the court to resolve the question.    

10 During the course of the hearing, affidavits have been filed on behalf of  

the First, Second and Fourth respondents traversing the entire dispute on  

merits.  The learned Attorney General as well as the learned Senior Counsel  

appearing for the contesting doctors have assisted this Court on the merits of  

the matter.  Since the issue has been argued on merits as well, we have in the  

considered exercise of our judgment determined that it would be appropriate to  

resolve the matter here rather than relegating the parties to a protracted  

litigation before the Tribunal and the High Court. We have also borne in mind  

the submission of the petitioners that in view of the judgment of the Delhi High  

Court noted above, it would be necessary for this Court to set down the position.  

11 While analysing the grievance of the petitioners, a striking aspect of the  

matter which has emerged before the Court is that the fixation of the order of  

seniority as between the petitioners and the Fourth respondent, pursuant to  

their selection as Additional Professors on 23 September 2005 has been  

examined on several occasions by the Governing Body of the First respondent.  

They include the following:  

(i) At the 147th meeting of the Governing Body on 14 April 2012, it was  

resolved thus:

10    

“The Governing Body considered the representation submitted by  

Dr A K Bisoi and Dr U K Choudhary. It also considered the  

judgment of the Delhi High Court of 9th February 2012 in the case  

filed by Dr Dilip Kumar Parida. After examining all aspects  

including the Institute Body’s Resolution dated 15.1.1997, the  

advice of the Director, the representation submitted by Dr A K  

Bisoi and Dr U K Choudhary, the Governing Body decided that  

inter se  seniority of Dr Shiv Kumar Choudhary, Dr U K Choudhary  

and Dr A K Bisoi would be maintained as had been recommended  

by the Standing Committee in the year 2005.;  

(ii) The First petitioner continued to represent his grievance. On 22 October  

2012, the Governing Body in its 148th meeting resolved that a Committee  

consisting of (i) The Health Secretary; (ii) Director, AIIMS; and (iii) Dr S  

P Agrawal would examine the facts/records and place its report before it.  

Based on the report of the Committee, the Governing Body resolved at  

its 149th meeting held on 19 July 2013 thus:  

“It was accordingly decided not to make any changes nor to  

redefine seniority of the 3 Professors which was decided by then  

GB on the basis of the recommendations of SSC.”  

(iii) On 12 May 2014, the Governing Body revisited the issue at its 151st  

meeting and resolved thus:  

“After discussion, the Governing Body reiterated its decision taken  

in the 149th meeting of G.B. held on 19th July, 2013. It was  

unanimously decided that, this matter need not be discussed  

again,” ;  

(iv) Subsequently, the Union Health Minister directed AIIMS administration  

to once again bring the matter relating to the seniority of the first  

petitioner before the ensuing meeting of the Governing Body. Following  

this at the 153rd meeting of the General Body which was held on 22 June

11    

2016, the earlier decisions were noted and the following decision was  

taken:  

“The Governing Body considered the issues involved in the  

seniority among Professors in the Department of CTVS. The  

Governing Body noted the earlier decisions. It was decided that  

the matter may be explained through a communication by AIIMS  

to the Ministry and be placed before HFM cum The President,  

AIIMS for his consideration.”   

Pursuant to the above decision, a communication was addressed to the  

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare on 10 October 2016 stating thus:  

“The Standing Selection Committee is the final arbitrator and  

interpreter of the Institute Body guidelines in the matter of  

selections. It implements the guidelines within the statutory  

limitation taking into consideration not only the performance at the  

time of interview but also overall assessment of the candidates  

including the curriculum vitae submitted by the candidates in the  

application form. The Standing Selection Committee, in this case,  

has placed Prof. (Dr) Shiv Choudhary above Prof. (Dr.) A.K.  

Bisoi.”  

12 The above narration indicates that since April 2012, the consistent  

position which has been maintained by the First respondent is in line with the  

order of merit which was recommended by the Selection Committee by which  

the Fourth respondent was placed above the petitioners when they were  

selected for appointment as Additional Professors.  

13 On 14 October 2014, a communication was addressed to the Director of  

the First respondent by the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, in  

exercise of its powers under Section 25 of the AIIMS Act, 1956. The directive  

was in the following terms:

12    

“3.In view of above, the institute is directed under Section 25 of  

AIIMS Act 1956 to examine the issue of fixation of seniority  

amongst the three professors in the Department of CTVS, AIIMS,  

New Delhi who were appointed as direct recruits to the post of  

Additional Professors in CTVS, AIIMS, New Delhi based on the  

recommendations of the Standing Selection Committee meeting  

held on 12.9.2005 and fix the seniority strictly in accordance with  

the policy decision of Institute Body in 1997 in correct order.”   

The above directive under Section 25 required the First respondent to examine  

the issue of seniority amongst the three professors in the department of CTVS.   

The directive refers to the appointment of the three professors based on the  

recommendations of the Standing Selection Committee of 12 September 2005.  

Seniority was required to be determined “strictly” in accordance with the policy  

decision of the institute of 1997.    

14 In compliance with the directive, the First respondent informed the Union  

government by a letter dated 18 February 2015 thus:  

“This issue had been placed before the governing body first in its  

meeting held on 16.1.2012 and as desired by the GB, the issue  

was again placed before it on 14.4.201. It was decided by the GB  

that the inter se seniority among Dr S K Choudhary, Dr  U K  

Chowdhury and Dr A K Bisoi would be examined as had been  

recommended by the Standing Selection Committee in the year  

2005.  

Further, the Governing Body in its meeting held on 22.10.2012  

while considering action taken report on the recommendation of  

previous GB meeting took place note of representations of Dr A K  

Bisoi and decided that a committee consisting of Health Secretary,  

Director AIIMS and Dr S P Agarwal would examine the  

facts/records and place their report before the Governing Body.  

Accordingly, the committee under the chairmanship of Sh P K  

Pradhan, then Secretary, Health examined the issue but express  

their inability to comment on the recommendations on the  

Standing Selection Committee, stating that the committee does  

not have the mandate to review the decision of the Standing  

Selection Committee as per the guidelines approved by the

13    

Institute Body in its meeting held on 18.9.1997. The committee  

however, observed that the issue of seniority becomes relevant  

only for becoming Head of the Department and therefore, they  

have stressed the need to implement the decision of the  

Governing Body in its meeting held on 16.1.2012 regarding  

rotation of headship. The issue of rotating headship requires wider  

consideration.   

The recommendation of the committee under the Health Secretary  

was placed before the Governing Body in its meeting held on  

22.10.2012 where in it was decided neither to make any changes  

nor to re-define seniority of the three professors which was  

decided by the G.B. on the basis of recommendation on Standing  

Selection Committee.   

In pursuance of the Section 25, of AIIMS Act, 1956 directives to  

fix inter se seniority among Dr S K Choudhary, Dr Ujjwal Kumar  

Choudhary and Dr A K Bisoi stands decided as per the decision  

of the Governing Body dated 23.9.2005, 14.4.2012 and  

22.10.2012.”       

15 In response to a further query of the Ministry of Health and Family  

Welfare dated 31 March 2015, the First respondent clarified the matter on 23  

September 2015 in the following terms :  

“The recommendations of the Selection Committee were  

approved by the Governing Body in its meeting held on 23.9.2005  

and thereafter these three faculties were appointed as Additional  

Professor. The seniority of direct recruit faculty is determined in  

the order of merit in which they are recommended by the Selection  

Committee. As per the recommendations of the Selection  

Committee as stated above, Dr S K Choudhary is senior to Dr U  

K Chowdhury who is senior to Dr A K Bisoi...  

Regarding the other two queries, it is informed that Dr S K  

Choudhary, Dr U K Chowdhury and Dr A K Bisoi were initially  

appointed as Assistant Professor at the Institute. All these were  

promoted as Associate Professor under Assessment Promotion  

Scheme before they were considered for the position of Additional  

Professor under direct recruitment quota in 2005. The seniority  

among these three faculties in the grades of Assistant Professor  

and Associate Professor were in the same order as in the post of  

Additional Professor i.e. Dr S K Choudhary is senior to Dr U K  

Chowdhury who is senior to Dr A K Bisoi.”   

14    

16 The Union government had in terms of its directive dated 14 October  

2014 required the First respondent to examine the issue of inter se seniority in  

accordance with the policy decision of 1997. The directive did not mandate that  

the First petitioner rank senior to the Fourth respondent. After due examination  

of the matter, the Union government was informed that the order of selection  

recommended by the Selection Committee in 2005 and approved by the  

General Body was maintained.  

17 The Court is confronted in the present case with a situation in which  

recruitment to the post of Additional Professor was carried out in 2005. That  

was well over 12 years ago.  The petitioners have instituted these proceedings  

under Article 32 in November 2017 to question the order of ranking made by  

the Selection Committee on 12 September 2005. There is no cogent  

explanation for this belated recourse to legal remedies.  The petitioners cannot  

legitimately explain the delay on their part merely by contending that they were  

representing to the First respondent to remedy their grievances. The petitioners  

may have believed in good faith that the AIIMS administration would pay heed  

to their grievances. They had a sympathetic ear of the Union Ministry of Health  

and Family Welfare. But twelve years is too long a period, by any means, to not  

seek recourse to judicial remedies. As the narration of facts would indicate, the  

Governing Body had on 14 April 2012 decided to maintain the order of merit in  

terms of which the Fourth respondent was ranked first, above the two  

petitioners.  Even thereafter, a three member committee was constituted by the

15    

Governing Body in October 2012 and a decision was once again taken on 19  

July 2013 to maintain the order of seniority.  This was reiterated on 12 May  

2014 and 22 June 2016.  The petitioners were thus aware of the consistent  

position which was adopted by the First respondent. The delay on their part in  

seeking recourse to their legal remedies must weigh against them.  At this stage  

it would be manifestly unfair to unsettle the inter se seniority between the three  

Professors in the CTVS department by reopening the recommendation made  

by the Selection Committee in 2005.   

18 In holding that an unexpected delay on the part of the petitioners would  

disentitle them to relief, we place reliance on a judgment of this Court in State  

of Uttaranchal v Shiv Charan Singh Bhandari2 .  The learned Chief Justice,  

after adverting to the settled position of law in that regard, observed thus:  

“27. We are absolutely conscious that in the case at hand the  

seniority has not been disturbed in the promotional cadre and no  

promotions may be unsettled..the respondents chose to sleep like  

Rip Van Winkle and got up from their slumber at their own leisure,  

for some reason which is fathomable to them only. But such  

fathoming of reasons by oneself is not countenanced in law.  

Anyone who sleeps over his right is bound to suffer.”                               

(Id at page 185)  

“28. Remaining oblivious to the factum of delay and laches and  

granting relief is contrary to all settled principles and even would  

not remotely attract the concept of discretion. We may hasten to  

add that the same may not be applicable in all circumstances  

where certain categories of fundamental rights are infringed. But,  

a stale claim of getting promotional benefits definitely should not  

have been entertained by the Tribunal and accepted by the High  

Court.”                                                          (Id at page 186)  

                                                           2 (2013) 12 SCC 179

16    

There has to be an element of repose and a stale claim cannot be resuscitated.  

19 The issue of making selections “transparent and more participatory” at  

AIIMS was entrusted to a sub-committee formed for that purpose in 1997.  The  

suggestions of the sub-committee, together with administrative comments,  

were placed before a meeting of the Institute body as Agenda Item 5 on 15  

January 1997.  The agenda note inter alia contain the following proposal:  

“In order to make the selections transparent and more  

participatory, it is proposed that all the members of the Selection  

Committee as well as the technical experts should be asked to  

give confidentially gradings/markings of each candidate in the  

following manner   

1) A+  

2) A  

3) B+  

4) B  

5) C  

The gradings given by all the members of the Selection  

Committee and technical experts should be placed before the  

Chairman of the Selection Committee and final selection of  

the candidate will be made on the basis of gradings/markings  

given by the members of the Selection Committee and the  

technical experts as mentioned above. In case, there is a tie  

in the gradings in respect of any candidate, the final decision  

for the selection of the candidate, should rest with the  

Chairman of the Selection Committee after discussion with  

other members of the Selection Committee.   

If the above method is applied for making the final selection of the  

candidates, then there is no need for the technical experts to  

continue to sit in the Selection till a final decision is mad. In this  

way, the confidentiality of the selected candidate will be  

maintained. The members of the Selection Committee and the  

technical experts will specifically be asked to give the gradings in  

respect of each and every candidate as mentioned above. The  

same procedure should be applied in case of candidates who are  

appearing under the Assessment Promotion Scheme.”    

                                                                    (emphasis supplied)  

The suggestions of the sub-committee and the administrative comments were  

approved. Subsequently on 15 April 1997, it was found that there was a

17    

disparity between the recommendations of the sub-committee and the  

administrative comments.  On 18 September 1997 a modified set of  

administrative comments was brought before the Institute body.  The modified  

comments inter alia stated thus:  

“(i) All the members of the Selection Committee as well as the  

Technical Experts may be asked to give, confidentially,  

gradings/markings to each candidate in the following manner :-  

a) A+  

b) A  

c) B+  

d) B  

e) C  

(ii) The gradings given by all the members of the  

Selection Committee and the Technical Experts, may be  

placed before the Chairman, Selection Committee and final  

selection of the candidates may be made on the basis of the  

gradings/markings given by the Members of the Selection  

Committee and the Technical Experts as mentioned above. In  

case, there is a ‘tie’ in the gradings in respect of any  

candidate, the final decision for the selection in case of such  

a candidate may rest with the Chairman of the Selection  

Committee after discussions with other Members of the  

Selection Committee.”                             (emphasis supplied)  

The minutes of 18 September 1997 were approved in a meeting held on 17  

June 1998.    

20 The above extract indicates that the gradings allocated by the members  

of the Selection Committee and the technical experts are to be placed before  

the Chairman of the Selection Committee and the final selection of the  

candidates “may be made” on the basis of the gradings/markings of the  

members of the committee and the technical experts. The expression “may be  

made” has been approved in place of “will be made” as recorded earlier.   

18    

21 The judgment of the Delhi High Court in Dr Dilip Kumar Parida v AIIMS  

(supra) holds that the view of the experts who are co-opted in the selection  

process is only advisory and that the members of the Standing Selection  

Committee of AIIMS are not bound by their opinion:   

“21. AIIMS besides being a statutory body is a specialized body  

and having provided for a constitution of a Standing Selection  

Committee, we are in agreement with the contentions on behalf of  

the respondent No. 5 that the role of the experts co-opted in the  

section process is merely advisory and the members of the  

Standing Selection Committee are not bound by the opinion of the  

experts and are entitled to evaluate the applicants for the various  

posts independently of the same.  

23. We may mention that the experts co-opted in the selection  

process are intended to evaluate the academic aspects of the  

candidates while on the other hand the Standing Selection  

Committee is concerned not only with the academic aspect but  

also with the other parameters viz. of suitability, demeanour,  

adaptability etc.”      

The above statement of position in the judgment of the Delhi High Court should  

not be read to suggest that the experts who are co-opted as part of the Selection  

Committee have no role and that the other members have to decide on the  

selection, independently of their views.  Experts are co-opted in order to ensure  

that the Selection Committee is broad-based; that the selection is objective; and  

that the experience and knowledge of experts drawn from outside provides a  

valuable input in the ultimate decision. The policy adopted in 1997 indicates that  

the final selection may be made on the basis of the grading/marking given by  

the Members of the Selection Committee and the technical experts.  Where  

there is a tie, the decision rests with the Chairperson, after discussion with other

19    

members of the Selection Committee. We cannot subscribe to the contention  

of the petitioners that it is only a tie which can be resolved by the Chairperson  

and in all other cases, the Committee is obliged to make its selection on a  

mathematical summation of grades. The fact that selection ‘may be made’ (this  

expression being in substitution of ‘will be made’) on the basis of the grading  

given by the members of the Selection Committee and the technical experts  

suggests that the determination of merit is not merely a mechanical totalling of  

grades allotted. The Selection Committee has to act objectively. This  

undoubtedly requires giving due credence to the view of the experts. But while  

doing so, it must have due regard to all relevant aspects bearing on the interest  

of the institution. The Selection Committee has to assess the credentials of the  

candidates which would include the service profile of the candidate.  It is in this  

sense that the Delhi High Court has to be construed to mean that while the  

views of the experts co-opted to the Selection Committee constitute a valuable  

perspective and input, they cannot be regarded as binding.  The members of  

the Selection Committee would have to consider the views of the experts and  

to evaluate them together with all other relevant circumstances.  

22  In the present case, the record of the court indicates that while making  

its recommendations for appointment to the post of Additional Professor, the  

Selection Committee had borne in mind the performance of the candidates, their  

records as well as the opinion of the technical experts.  The minutes of the  

meeting of 12 September 2005 indicate that the views of the technical experts

20    

were considered. To re-evaluate what took place well over twelve years ago  

would neither be feasible nor appropriate.  The policy decision of 1997 indicates  

that the gradings given by all the members of the Selection Committee and the  

technical experts are to be placed before the Chairman of the Selection  

Committee and the final selection “may be made” on the basis of the  

gradings/markings given by the members of the Selection Committee and the  

technical experts. The Selection Committee which was constituted in 2005  

considered the issue of selection and inter se ranking of the selected  

candidates.  In making its final recommendation in regard to their order of merit,  

upon appointment as Additional Professors, the Selection Committee had due  

regard to relevant matters including the performance of the candidates, their  

records and the opinion of the experts.  Hence, the ranking which has been  

assigned cannot be regarded as being in breach of the policy decision of 1997.   

It would be iniquitous to unsettle the position of seniority, over twelve years after  

the petitioners and the Fourth respondent were selected as Additional  

Professors. Even thereafter, when each of them has been promoted as a  

Professor, it is the Fourth respondent who has been ranked higher than the  

petitioners.    

23 For the above reasons, we have come to the conclusion that the grant of  

relief would unsettle the inter se seniority between the petitioners and the  

Fourth respondent well over twelve years since the recommendation of the  

Selection Committee for appointment as Additional Professors. This cannot be

21    

done. Some expressions of opinion in favour of the First petitioner in the  

departmental processes may have engendered a sense of hope. But that  

cannot furnish a legal ground to unsettle something that has held the field for  

long years. We close the proceedings with the expectation that these  

distinguished doctors will pursue their avocations at AIIMS without rancour. Our  

decision on seniority is no reflection upon their distinguished service to a  

premier national institution.    

24 The Writ Petition shall accordingly stand dismissed.  There shall be no  

order as to costs.  

                                   ….........................................CJI  

                [DIPAK MISRA]      

                                                            ................................................J  

               [A M KHANWILKAR]        

                                                                                 ................................................J  

                [Dr  D Y  CHANDRACHUD]        New Delhi;  February  06, 2018